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Reviewer Histology Lecture > Module 4 Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Module 4 Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Bundle of muscle fiber

A

Fascicle

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2
Q

thread like structures w/
contractile function

A

Myofibrils

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3
Q

finer structure inside myofibrils

A

Myofilaments

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4
Q

dense CT, surrounds whole muscle

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

thinner covering around fascicle or
a bundle of muscle fiber

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

delicate layer of reticular fibers
around each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
(acidophilic)

A

Sarcoplasm

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8
Q

plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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9
Q

linear unit, basic functional unit
of myofibril

A

Sarcomeres

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10
Q

granules in the sarcoplasm (under
EM is actually mitochondria)

A

Sarcosome

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11
Q

endoplasmic reticulum,
membranous sacs which encircles
each myofibril

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

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12
Q

Muscular Tissues: General Characteristics:

A
  1. Cells elongated (called fibers)
  2. Sarcoplasm
  3. Plasma membrane
  4. Acidophilic staining
  5. Contraction depends on
    myofilaments

6.Cells held together by loose areolar
Connective Tissue containing blood
vessels and nerves

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13
Q

appears fibular
due to myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasm

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14
Q

Muscular Tissues: General Functions:

A
  1. Movement
  2. Posture maintenance
  3. Joint stabilization
  4. Heat generation
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15
Q

skeletal and smooth muscle aid in movement of
bones and fluids

A

Movement

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16
Q

skeletal muscles contract to maintain the body
position

A

Posture maintenance

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17
Q

tendons that cross over stabilize joint as the
muscle tone (constant low level contraction)
places tension on the tendon

A

Joint stabilization

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18
Q

muscular contractions generate heat influencing
body temperature

A

Heat generation

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19
Q

Muscular Tissues: Special Functions:

A
  1. Contractility (able to contract)
  2. Extensibility (able to extend)
  3. Excitability (able to become excitable)
  4. Elasticity
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20
Q

when long cells shorten simultaneously, pulling force is
created, contracts the muscle reduce overall size then
cause movement or stabilization

A

Contractility

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21
Q

at the end of contraction, muscle may return to
original length by relaxing or extending with the aid of
opposing muscle

A

Extensibility

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22
Q

muscle cells respond to nerve impulses

A

Excitablity

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23
Q

Recoils (back to it’s normal size) after stretch

A

Elasticity

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24
Q

Muscular Tissues: Composition

A
  1. Muscle fibers
  2. Loose areolar CT
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25
Q

outermost layer, a sheath of
dense connective tissue (CT) externally
surrounds the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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26
Q

a sheath of fibrous CT
surrounding fascicles

A

Perimysium

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27
Q

a sheath of reticular fibers
surrounding the bundles within the fascicles

A

Endomysium

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28
Q

intercellular substance
that held together muscle fibers

A

Loose areolar CT

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29
Q

Types of Muscle tissue

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
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30
Q

somatic
striated and voluntary muscles

A

Skeletal muscle

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31
Q

Have Intercalated disk
striated involuntary muscles

A

Cardiac muscle

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32
Q

plain/visceral or
non-striated/involuntary muscles

A

Smooth muscle

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32
Q

plain/visceral or
non-striated/involuntary muscles

A

Smooth muscle

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33
Q

walls of hollow organs

A

Smooth muscle

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34
Q

only in the wall of
the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

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35
Q

Attach to and move skeleton

A

Skeletal muscle

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36
Q

It is 40% of body weight

A

Skeletal muscle

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37
Q

Fibers = multinucleate cells (embryonic cells fuse)

A

Skeletal muscle

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38
Q

Cells obviously striated
*Contractions are
voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

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39
Q

It is spindle or fusiform shaped

A

Smooth muscle

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40
Q

not branched and no striations

A

Smooth muscle

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41
Q

Cells somewhat compact in
arrangement

A

Smooth muscle

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42
Q

It has very scanty intercellular
subs (has least amount of
Loose areolar CT)

A

Smooth muscle

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43
Q

Few long slender
mitochondria

A

Smooth muscle

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44
Q

Scanty ribosomes and ER
*

A

Smooth muscl

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45
Q

Scanty ribosomes and ER
*

A

Smooth muscle

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46
Q

Sarcolemma showing pinocytic
vesicles

A

Smooth muscle

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47
Q

Single nucleus - bulging and
centrally located

A

Smooth muscle

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48
Q

Myofibrils of smooth muscle IS

A

non-stiriated

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49
Q

myofilaments of smooth muscle

A

not distinct

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50
Q

cannot consciously control movement

A

Involuntary

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51
Q

very slow and sustained
Is very fatigue resistant

A

Contraction

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52
Q

Distribution of smooth muscle

A

mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs
-In blood vessels: walls of vein and arteries
-In reproductive and glandular systems
-in digestive and urinary systems:
-In integumentary system

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53
Q

smooth muscle In blood vessels: walls of vein and arteries

A

To regulate blood pressure and flow

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54
Q

smooth muscle in reproductive and glandular systems

A

To produce movements

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55
Q

Smooth muscle in digestive and urinary systems:

A
  • forms internal sphincters of anus
  • produces contractions
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56
Q

What causes goose bumps?

A

Arrestores pitorum or arrector pili muscles

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57
Q

Smooth muscle distribution
and its MAJOR LOCATION

A
  1. Inside the eye
  2. Respiratory tubes
  3. Urinary organs
  4. Reproductive organs
  5. Digestive organs
  6. Walls of vessels
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58
Q

NEED BASAHIN THIS

A

Lining of hollow visceral organs
* the walls of the digestive system ex. stomach,
bladder, respiratory passages
* Middle to lower part of esophagus
* Walls of ducts and glands associated with alimentary tract
* Walls of respiratory passages (trachea to alveolar ducts
urinary & genital ducts)
* Walls of arteries, veins & larger lymphatics
* Spleen
* Arrestores pitorum or arrector pili muscle (goose flesh)
* Iris & ciliary body of the eye concerned with accomodation,
constriction & dilation of pupil
* Areola of mammary gland
* Subcutaneous tissue of scrotum

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59
Q

Smooth Muscle: Functions MAJOR

A

To alter activity of various body parts to meet
needs of the body

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60
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE: FUNCTIONS SPECIFIC

A
  1. Contraction of the bladder
  2. Move food through the intestines (peristalsis)
  3. Peristaltic movement to move feces down the
    digestive system
  4. Contraction of smooth muscle in the trachea and
    bronchi w/c decreases the size of the airways
  5. Constriction and dilation of blood vessels
  6. Constriction, accomodation and dilation of pupil
  7. Uterine contraction during birthing
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61
Q

It has characteristics of both
skeletal and smooth muscle

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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62
Q

Contractions lasts longer than
a skeletal muscle twitch

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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63
Q

It depends on aerobic
respiration to generate ATP

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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64
Q

It is very fatigue resistant

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

65
Q

Activation of cardiac muscle
is

A

INVOLUNTARY LIKE SMOOTH MUSCLE

66
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS

A

INTERCELATED DISK

67
Q

CELLS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

Single spherical centrally located nucleus
(Branches have no nucleus)

68
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE THAT SERVE AS
junction between cardiac cells

A

intercalated disk of Eberth

69
Q

FIBERS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE (SHAPE)

A

elongated ,branches, w/ numerous areolar CT

70
Q

FIBERS THAT IS IN CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

Myofibrils striated w/ distinct actin & myosin

71
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE DISTRIBUTION

A

Muscle layer of the heart
o Walls of the aorta, vena cava and pulmonary
vessels

72
Q

Muscle layer of the heart

A

MYOCARDIUM

73
Q

FUNCTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

To provide the contractile activity of the
heart

74
Q

IT IS A SPECIAL FUNCTION UNIT OF HEART

A

Conduction System of the Heart

75
Q

responsible for generating and conducting
electrical impulses for the heart

A

CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

76
Q

cause heart to contract and pump blood
throughout the body

A

CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

77
Q

HEART IS Made up of 5 elements

A
  1. Sino-atrial (SA)
  2. Atrio-ventricular (AV) node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Left and right bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fiber node
78
Q

DISCOVERS SINOATRIAL NODE OR THE Pacemaker

A

, Node of Keith & Flack

79
Q

Located below the epicardium at the junction of superior vena cava & right atrium

A

SINOATRIAL NODE

80
Q

DISCOVER ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

A

NODE OF TAWARA

81
Q

Located below the endocardium, on the lower part of
the interatrial septum

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

82
Q

Delays cardiac impulses from sinoatrial node to
allow atria to contract and empty the contents first

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

83
Q

Relays cardiac impulses to the atrioventricular
bundle

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

84
Q

bundle of fibers located within the septum of
the heArt

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE OF HIS

85
Q

Carries cardiac impulses down the
septum to ventricles via the Purkinje fibers

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE

86
Q

The right bundle carries nerve impulses,
cause contraction of right ventricle

A

LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE BRUNCHES

87
Q

Left bundle carries nerve impulses that
cause contraction of left ventricle

A

LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE FIBERS BRUNCHES

87
Q

Located beneath the endocardium on either side of
the cardiac septum

A

PURKINJE FIBERS

88
Q

Relays cardiac impulses to ventricular cells
causing ventricle contraction

A

PURKINJE FIBERS

89
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF PURKINJE FIBER

A
  • Pale in color
  • Fewer branches, nuclei, striations
  • Bigger in diameter
  • Shorter in size
  • Lies in abundant amount of loose areolar connective
    tissue
90
Q

CELLS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

elongated cells that do not branch
 w/ larger diameter
 Nucleus: appears multinucleated
 Flattened and peripherally located

91
Q

FIBERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

Myofibrils are striated
 W/ distinct myofilaments (actin & myosin)
 Moderate amount of Loose Areolar CT
 Without intercalated disk

92
Q

myofibrils grouped into parallel
bundles longitudinally

A

 “Kollicker’s Column”:

93
Q

3 TYPES OF SKELETAL FIBERS

A

-RED FIBERS
-WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBER
-INTERMEDIATE FIBER

94
Q

slow twitch high oxidative fibers

A

RED FIBERS

95
Q

Appears red due to presence of muscle pigment

A

MYOGLOBIN

96
Q

Have smaller diameter & sarcoplasm (IT HAS about half OF the diameter of fast fibers)

A

RED FIBERS

97
Q

Contain numerous large sarcosomes

A

RED FIBERS

98
Q

Rich blood supply > higher oxygen supply

A

RED FIBERS

99
Q

According to function, contracts more
slowly so fatigue less quickly (running)

A

RED MUSCLE

100
Q

take ~3x as long to reach peak tension after
stimulation

A

RED FIBERS

101
Q

MANY MITOCHONDIRA

A

RED FIBERS

102
Q

Energy source OF RED FIBERS

A

: oxidative phosphorylation

103
Q

CHARACTERISTIC OF White Fibers / Fast Muscle Fibers

A

Larger diameter
o Pale due to less pigmeNT
o With smaller, functional sarcosome
o Poor blood supply
- MOST COMMON
- VERY FEW MITOCHONDIRA
-CONTAINS DENSELY PACKED MYOFIBRILS

104
Q

Pale due to less pigment

A

(Less myoglobin)

105
Q

reach peak twitch tension in 0.01 sec or less after
stimulation

A

WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBER

106
Q

Similar with red fibers but with smaller
sarcosome

A

INTERMEDIATE FIBER

107
Q

Contracts faster so fatigue more quickly

A

WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBER

108
Q

ENERGY SOURCE OF WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBERS

A

anaerobic glycolysis (w/ large
glycogen reserves

109
Q

embryonic cells that fuse to develop muscle fibers

A

MYOBLAST

110
Q

unfused cells that remain in adult skeletal muscle

A

MYOSATELLITE CELLS

111
Q

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective
tissue that surrounds muscles

A

FASCIA

112
Q

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber surrounding the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) containing mitochondria, and myofibrils

A

SARCOLEMMA

113
Q

transverse tubule encircling a myofibril, storing
calcium for muscle contraction

A

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

114
Q

cylindrical bundles of myofilaments

A

MYOFIBRILS

115
Q

LIE PARALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER

A

MYOFIBRILS

116
Q

responsible for muscle fiber contraction

A

myofibrils

117
Q

protein filaments

A

myofilaments

118
Q

organization of these produce alternating
light/dark bands

A

MYOFILAMENTS

119
Q

IF MYOFILAMENTS IS THIN IT IS COMPOSED OF

A

PRIMARILY ACTIN

120
Q

IF MOFILAMENT IS THIC IT IS COMPOSED OF

A

PRIMARILY MYOSIN

121
Q

Repeating functional units of
myofilaments responsible for muscle
contraction

A

SARCOMERES

122
Q

approximately 10,000 end to end in a
myofibril

A

SARCOMERES

123
Q

Contain: thick/thin filaments,
proteins

A

SARCOMERES

124
Q

differences in size, density, and
distribution account for the banded
appearance

A

SARCOMERES

125
Q

IN SARCOMERES Dark bands ARE

A

A BANDS

126
Q

IN SARCOMERES LIGHT BANDS ARE

A

I BANDS

127
Q

Separate one sarcomere from the next

A

Z discs/Z band (telophragma)

128
Q

Thick and thin filaments overlap one anotheR

A

Z discs/Z band (telophragma)

129
Q

Darker middle part of the sarcomere

A

A band (Anisotropic)

130
Q

Lighter, has thin filaments but no thick filaments

A

I band (isotropic)

131
Q

Center of each A band which contains thick but no
thin filaments

A

H zone/H band (intermediate disc of Hensen)

132
Q

Supporting proteins that hold the thick filaments
together in the H zone

A

M line/M band (Mesophragma)

133
Q

Myofibrils are built from three kinds of
proteins

A
  1. CONTRACTILE PROTEIN
  2. REGULATORY PROTEIN
  3. STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
134
Q

Myofibrils are built from three kinds of
proteins

A
  1. CONTRACTILE PROTEIN
  2. REGULATORY PROTEINS
  3. STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
135
Q

Generate force during contraction

A

CONTRACTILE PROTEIN

136
Q

Switch the contraction process on and off

A

REGULATORY PROTEINS

137
Q

Align the thick and thin filaments properly

A

STRUCTURAL PROTEINS

138
Q

Provide elasticity and extensibility

A

STRUCTURAL PROTEIN

139
Q

Link the myofibrils to the sarcolemma

A

STRUCTURAL PROTEIN

140
Q

Functions as a motor protein which can
achieve motion

A

MYOSIN

141
Q

Convert ATP to energy of motion

A

MYOSIN

142
Q

Projections of each myosin molecule
protrude outward

A

MYOSIN HEAD

143
Q

THICK FILAMENTS?

THIN FILAMENTS?

A

MYOSIN

ACTIN

144
Q

molecules provide a site where myosin
head attach

A

ACTIN

145
Q

iT IS also part of the
thin filament

A

Tropomyosin and troponin

146
Q

Strands of tropomyosin cover the myosin-
binding sites

A

ACTIN

147
Q

Stabilize the position of myosin

A

TITIN

148
Q

2 STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

TITIN
DYSTROPHIN

149
Q

accounts for much of the elasticity and
extensibility of myofibrils

A

TITIN

150
Q

Links thin filaments to the sarcolemma

A

DYSTROPHIN

151
Q

BABY!! BASAHIN MO TONG THEORY NI HUXLEY THE SLIDING THEORY OF HUXLEY NEED BASAHIN TO HA <3

-PAEZ

A

OKAY SABI MO BABY EH

fiber is stimulated to contract
* actin and myosin filaments react by past sliding by
each other but w/ no change of length
o Thick myosin strand in A band is stationary
o Thin actin filament attached to Z discs extend further
into A band
o May eventually obliterate the H line
o The thin filaments attached to Z disc drawn toward
each other
o Sarcomeres are compressed, myofibrils shortened and
contraction occurs
o Note: contraction occur not because of shortening but
due to increase in the overlap b/w filaments

152
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE DISTRIBUTION

A

-WIDELY DISTRIBUTED
-Tongue & upper part of the esophagus

153
Q

attached to entire skeletal system of the
body

A

external urethra & external anal
sphincter

154
Q

lower part is involuntary in nature

A

Tongue & upper part of the esophagus

155
Q

although unattached to the skeletal
system, it is classified as striated voluntary

A

Tongue & upper part of the esophagus

156
Q

Similar with red fibers but with smaller
sarcosome

A

Intermediate fiber

157
Q

Speed of contraction is comparable to that
of the white fibers

A

Intermediate fiber

158
Q

is blocked from binding to actin

A

Myosin

Reviewer Histology Lecture (4 decks)

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