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Reviewer Histology Lecture > Module 3 Connective tissue Part 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Connective tissue Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Are found in areas of adjacent bones. They
are covered and held together firmly by
connective tissues

A

Joints

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2
Q

The degree of movement between the bones
are defined by the

A

Joints

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3
Q

Classification of joints

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Diarthroses
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4
Q

it permits very limited
movements or no movement at all.

A

Synarthroses

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5
Q

permits bone to move freely
examples: elbow and knee

A

Diarthroses

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6
Q

Can be subdivided into cartilagenous and fibrous joints which depends on the tissues that binds the joints

A

Synarthroses

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7
Q

Major subtypes of Synarthroses

A
  1. Synostoses
  2. Syndesmoses
  3. Symphyses
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8
Q

bones are jointed only by bones. Does not
allow movement

A

Synostoses

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9
Q

only dense connective tissue unites the
bones

A

Syndesmoses

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10
Q

immobile joints. Ends are covered by pad
of fibrocartilage between articular cartilage

A

Symphyses

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11
Q

example of Symphyses

A

Pubic symphysis

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12
Q

examples of Synostoses

A

unite the skull bones of older adults

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13
Q

example of Syndesmoses

A

posterior region of the sacroiliac
joints

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14
Q

Proper alignment of the bones are maintained by the ligaments and capsule of dense connective tissue

A

Diarthroses

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15
Q

Joint cavity sealed capsule that contains synovial
fluid.it is lined by specialized connective tissue
called synovial membrane

A

Diarthroses

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16
Q

extends fold and villi to the
cavity and secretes synovial fluid which act as
lubricant

A

Synovial membrane

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17
Q

came from plasma., with higher
concentration of hyaluronan

A

Synovial fluid

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18
Q

secreted by the cells of synovial
membrane

A

Hyaluronan

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19
Q

2 specialized cells in synovial membrane

A
  1. Macrophages
  2. Fibroblastic synovial cells or type B cells
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20
Q

-like synovial cells or type A
cells

A

Macrophages

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21
Q

derived from monocytes, remove wear -and –tear
debris from the synovial fluid

A

Macrophages

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22
Q

Regulate inflammation that may take place in the
diarthrotic joints

A

Macrophages

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23
Q

Produce lots of hyaluronan and extracellular
components

A

Fibroblastic synovial cells or type B cells

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24
Q

Lubricates the joints to reduce friction, supplies
oxygen and nutrients to the articular cartilage

A

Fibroblastic synovial cells or type B cells

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25
Q

Specialized type of connective tissue

A
  1. Cartilage
  2. Bone
  3. Blood
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26
Q

Rbc production

A

Erythropoiesis

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27
Q

Hormone that stimulates the rbc production

A

Erythropoietin

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28
Q

Produced by the kidney

A

Erythropoietin

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29
Q

Decreased number of circulating rbc

A

Erythrocytopenia

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30
Q

Decreased in oxygen carrying capacity of rbc

A

Anemia

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31
Q

Not a disease but a symptom

A

Anemia

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32
Q

Rbc is bigger than its normal size

A

Macrocytic

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33
Q

Rbc is smaller than its normal size

A

Microcytic

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34
Q

Rbc in normal size

A

Normocytic

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35
Q

Variation in rbc shape

A

Poikilocytosis

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36
Q

Variation in rbc size

A

Anisocytosis

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37
Q

Rbc appearing darker than normal due to increased hgb content

A

Hyperchromic

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38
Q

Rbc appearing paler due to decreased hgb

A

Hypochromic

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39
Q

Rbc with normal hgb content

A

Normochromic

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40
Q

Specialized Type of Connective tissue
C. Blood

A
  1. Erythropoiesis
  2. Erythropoietin
  3. Erythrocytosis
  4. Erythrocytopenia
  5. Anemia.
  6. Macrocytic
  7. Microcytic
  8. Normocytic
  9. Poikilocytosis
  10. Anisocytosis
  11. Hyperchromic
  12. Hypochromic
    13.Nomochromic
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41
Q

is pumped by the rhythmic contractions
of the heart flowing in a single direction at a
close circuit called circulatory system.

A

Blood

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42
Q

A specialized connective tissue has

A

fluid extracellular matrix known as plasma, with
suspended cellular elements

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43
Q

General function of specialized Type of Connective tissue
C. Blood

A
  1. Transport
  2. Maintain/regulate-Homeostasis
  3. Serve as body’s defense mechanism against
    infection
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44
Q

Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Transports

A

– oxygen & carbon dioxide
– nutrients to tissues and organs
– hormones to target organs

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45
Q

Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Maintain/regulate-homeostasis

A

– water, acid-base balance
– body temp
– degree of irritability of tissues

46
Q

Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Characteristics

A

1.pH- slightly basic ( 7.35-7.45)
2. Higher density & viscosity than water
3. Blood volume is around 8% of total body
weight
4. Blood is composed of 55% plasma and
45% cellular elements

47
Q

Why does specialized Type of Connective tissue
Blood have Higher density & viscosity than water

A

due to formed elements

48
Q

Blood total body weight to
Male?
Female?

A

Male 5-6 liters
female 4-5 liters

49
Q

Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Components

A
  1. Liquid components
  2. Formed components
50
Q

2 types of liquid components

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Serum
51
Q

colorless fluid & 90% H2O

52
Q

Components of plasma

A

Components: water, Inorganic salts (Na, Ca, Mg,
K, Cl2, PO4, BiCO3) & plasma proteins (Albumin,
Globulin & fibrinogen)

Gases: N, H, O2

53
Q

The fluid matrix of whole blood

54
Q

liquid portion of clotted blood w/o fibrinogen

55
Q

Contains growth factors and other proteins
released by the platelets during clotting process

56
Q

3 types of formed elements

A
  1. Erythrocytes or Red blood cells
  2. Leukocytes or White blood cells
  3. Thrombocytes or Platelets
57
Q

Erythrocytes
MATURATION TIME?

SURVIVAL TIME

A

3-5 DAYS

120 DAYS

58
Q

GRANULOCYTES
MATURATION TIME?

SURVIVAL TIME

A

5-6 DAYS

Neutrophil- 1-4 days
Eosinophils- 1-2 weeks
Basophils- Several months

59
Q

MONOCYTES
MATURATION TIME?

SURVIVAL TIME

A

5-6 DAYS

HOURS-YEARS

60
Q

LYMPHOCYTES
MATURATION TIME?

SURVIVAL TIME

A

variable
(days-hours)

HOURS - YEARS

61
Q

PLATELETS
MATURATION TIME?

SURVIVAL TIME

A

4-5 DAYS

10

62
Q

Characteristic of Erythrocytes

A

Biconcave disc (6-8μ in diameter)
Formed in the bone marrow
Non-nucleated
Ave life span of 30-120days

63
Q

Oxygen binding pigment responsible for the
transport of most O2 in the body

A

Hemoglobin

64
Q

Compound of iron and protein

A

Hemoglobin

65
Q

Combined readily with O2 to form oxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin

66
Q

Hemoglobin combines with O2

A

Oxyhemoglobin

67
Q

Characteristic of
Leukocytes or white blood cells

A

Has nucleus and cytoplasm

68
Q

Types of leukocytes

A
  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
68
Q

Types of leukocytes

A
  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
69
Q

Types of Agranulocytes

A
  1. Lymphocyte
  2. Monocytes
69
Q

Types of Granulocytes

A
  1. Neutrophil
  2. Eosinophil
  3. Basophil
  4. Stab or band or staff cell
70
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of neutrophil

A

With fine lilac-pink granules diffusedly distributed
* Granules do not lie in over the nucleus

71
Q

Nuclear characteristics of neutrophil

A

Nuclear lobes connected by thin filaments
* Coarse and clumped chromatin

72
Q

Has active role in the phagocytosis of
bacteria and other small particles

A

Neutrophil

73
Q

Usually the first leukocyte to arrive
at the site of infection

A

Neutrophil

74
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of Eosinophil

A

Reddish-orange large granules
* Granules do not lie in over the nucleus

75
Q

Nuclear characteristics of Eosinophil

A

Nuclear usually segmented 2 lobes
* Coarse and clumped chromatin

76
Q

Helps in killing parasitic worm or helminths
with the help of Major Basic Protein that is
present in eosinophil together with
eosinophil peroxdase and other enzymes and
toxins

A

Eosinophil

77
Q

Modulates inflammatory responses through
releasing of chemokines, lipid mediators and
cytokines

A

Eosinophil

78
Q

Has important role in inflammatory
response due to allergies

A

Eosinophil

79
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of Basophil

A
  • Bluish-black with variable size granules
  • Granules unevenly distributed and lie in over
    the nucleus
80
Q

Nuclear characteristics of Basophil

A

Nucleus is indistinct
* Unsegmented or bilobed nucleus

81
Q

Release heparin, histamine &
peroxidase

82
Q

Involved in intermediate & delayed
hypersensitivity reaction

83
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of Stab or band or staff cell

A

Similar to neutrophil with lilac granules
* Indentation is not more than ½ of the total cell
width of cell’s indent point

84
Q

Nuclear characteristics of Stab or band or staff cell

A

Nucleus is curved, elongated or sausage shaped

85
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of small or typical lymphocytes

A
  • Sky blue
  • Small amount with darkest blue cytoplasm
  • Lacking granules
86
Q

Nuclear characteristics of small or typical Lymphocytes

A
  • Nucleus is compact, large, round
  • Almost occupies entire cell
87
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of big or atypical Lymphocytes

A

Sky blue
* Abundant cytoplasm

88
Q

Nuclear characteristics of big or atypical Lymphocytes

A
  • Nucleus is immature looking with fine chromatin
89
Q

Has different roles in immune
defense from invading
microorganisms, some parasites and
abnormal cells

A

Lymphocytes

90
Q

Cytoplasmic characteristics of Monocytes

A
  • Blue gray cytoplasm
91
Q

Nuclear characteristics of Monocytes

A
  • Single nucleus ,partially lobulated, deeply
    indented or horseshoe shaped
    Chromatin are fine parallel strands
92
Q

Precursor of macrophages and cells in
connective tissues like osteoclast,
microglia

93
Q

Monocyte-derived cells serves as
antigen presenting cells which is
important role in immune response

94
Q

Irregular fragments of cells formed in the
bone marrow

A

Thrombocytes

95
Q

Thrombocytes is from a much larger cell called

A

Megakaryocytes

96
Q

Non- nucleated and difficult to count

A

Thrombocytes

97
Q

Lightest element of blood

A

Thrombocytes

98
Q

Adhere easily on surface

A

Thrombocytes

99
Q

– Easily disintegrates

A

Thrombocytes

100
Q

Maintain the integrity of BV

A

Thrombocytes

101
Q

Forms hemostatic plugs to stop blood
loss from injury vessels

A

Thrombocytes

102
Q

Releases serotonin

A

Thrombocytes

103
Q

2-4μm in diameter

A

Thrombocytes

104
Q

Cell size-14-20 um

105
Q

Cell size- 12-15 um

A

Big or atypical lymphocyte

106
Q

– Cell size- 6-10 um

A

Small or typical lymphocyte

107
Q

Cell size- 10-15 um

A
  1. Neutrophil
  2. Eosinophil
  3. Stab or band or staff cell
108
Q

Cell size- 10-14 um

Reviewer Histology Lecture (4 decks)

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