MODULE 5 NERVOUS Flashcards
The nervous system needs to be able to put together all of the incoming sensory
signals in order to create a complete picture of the environment. _____incorporates multiple
simultaneous signals
Integration
- Once sensory input has been integrated, the nervous system functions to produce an
appropriate response by sending _____ through motor nerves.
motor output signals
_____ is composed of all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system (P N S)
Efferent neurons are part of the ____ and carry signals ____from the C N S. Afferent neurons are
part of the ____ and carry signals __the C N S
motor division, away , sensory division, to
There is only __axon per neuron. Axons carry the signal from the cell body to the axon
terminals, where the signal is then transferred to other neurons or organs.
one,
Signals travel from the ___to the cell body through the axon to reach dendrites of adjacent
neurons or target organs.
dendrites
___, or small glial cells, perform many protective functions in the C N S.
Microglia - They are able to
phagocytose, or engulf and destroy pathogens, and eliminate waste products from other cells
___cells are cuboidal in shape and line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Ependymal - These cells assist
in the production, circulation, and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (C S F)
___wrap around axons in the CNS to form myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes - white fat myelin
. These
unmyelinated regions are known as
nodes of Ranvier (neurofibril nodes).
cereburm bulk of brain has 2 parts
telencephalon (big) and diencephalon
telencephalon is responsible for
interpreting sensory signals, sending
out motor signals, and decision making.
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure.
The outer layer of the cerebrum is known as the
cerebral cortex
The fissures and grooves are known as ___, while the lumps and bumps between the sulci are known
sulci, as gyri.
Responsible for sending motor output signals. It is located anteriorly to the central sulcus
Precentral Gyrus (Motor Cortex)
Responsible for receiving sensory input related to touch and feel. It is located posteriorly to the central
sulcus
Postcentral Gyrus (Somatosensory Cortex)
White matter consists of bundles of
nerve fibres and axons.
White matter connection between right and left hemispheres of the brain.
Corpus callosum:
The ___is the most superior aspect of the brainstem.
midbrain
It is important to note that the pons has fibers connecting it to the ___, allowing for
communication between these two structures.
cerebellum
The diencephalon encloses a structure known as the
third ventricle,
The ___is a deep brain structure with two bodies, one per hemisphere. This part of
the brain is responsible for relaying sensory information, except sense of smell, to other areas of the
brain.
thalamus
The ___is a small structure below the thalamus that is connected to the
pituitary gland. The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones through the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
The a___-loosely covers the brain. It creates an area called the subarachnoid space. This
space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (a protective fluid) and blood vessels
arachnoid mater
The___ are paired āCā shaped spaces deep within the cerebral hemispheres.
lateral ventricles
The singular___- is located in the middle of the diencephalon between the two halves of the
thalamus. It is connected to the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina (of Monro).
third ventricle
The ____ventricle sits between the pons/medulla and the cerebellum
fourth
. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced inside the ventricles primarily by the
choroid plexus,
main functions of CSF
a Buoyancy effect t, provide support and protection to cns - shock absorber, serve as medium for transport of nutrients, waster, gases
____is located on the inside of the spinal cord. It consists of a ventral horn which carries motor
information, and a dorsal horn which carries sensory information.
Grey matter
lines the outside of the grey matter of the spinal cord. It consists of tracts of fibers
separated into anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi (bundles).
White matter
