MODULE 3 MUSCLE Flashcards
Muscles are ____organs.
contractile
these muscles help the human body move
SKELETAL MUSCLES
is found in the heart. It contracts rhythmically, and is modulated by neural activity
and hormones
Cardiac muscle
is controlled by the nervous system or hormones. It may be either generally
inactive and then respond to stimulation, or it may be rhythmic
Smooth muscle
Unique to cardiac muscle, intercalated discs connect heart muscle cells to each
other.
Intercalated discs:
Skeletal muscle functions to:
* _____movement
* maintain ____and stabilize joints
* control _____(elimination of urine and feces) and ____
* produce ___
* support and protect ____
produce
posture
excretion , swallowing
heat
internal organs
CT in skeletal muscle is in 3 layers - is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle and is continuous with
the tissue that becomes the tendon.
The epimysium
is the layer of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibres (fascicle) within
a muscle.
The perimysium
The ________is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the individual muscle cells (muscle
fibres) within a muscle bundle.
endomysium
Myofilaments are organized into repeating structural units known as
sarcomeres
is the muscle that covers the frontal bone and lifts the eyebrows, causing the forehead to wrinkle
Frontalis
is a muscle surrounding the eye that forcefully closes the eye when contracted. It
originates on the frontal and maxillary bones.
Orbicularis oculi
surrounds the mouth and enables the puckering of lips. It originates on the maxillary
bones or mandible and sometimes referred as a kissing muscle.
Orbicularis oris
____extends from the zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. It draws the angle of the
mouth superiorly and posteriorly, causing one to smile.
Zygomaticus
The ___is a fan-shaped muscle that extends from the temporal fossa of the parietal bone to
the coronoid process of the mandible. The temporalis muscle elevates and pulls the mandible
posteriorly (retract).
temporalis
The __-is a powerful muscle that extends from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible
(lower jaw). Its action is to elevate and protract (move forward) the jaw.
masseter
The ___muscle flexes the neck with bilateral contraction, and rotates the head to the
opposite site with unilateral contraction.
sternocleidomastoid
The ___ extends the neck with bilateral contraction, and turns the face slightly to the
opposite side with unilateral contraction.
semispinalis capitis
The _____ extends the neck with bilateral contraction, and causes flexion and lateral
rotation of the neck with unilateral contraction
splenius capitis
are the most superficial, and their fibres run anteriorly and inferiorly between the
ribs. They aid in inspiration.
External intercostals
___- lie deep to the externals, and their fibres run posteriorly and inferiorly. They aid in
expiration
Internal intercostals
___________ are a group of muscles that help to keep the spine erect. They run down
both sides of the spinal column.
The erector spinae muscles
The ____ is the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall musculature. Its fibres
run anteriorly and inferiorly.
external oblique
function of external oblique - bilateral means
: flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall. Used in forced
expiration.
function of external oblique - unilateral means
: lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column.
_________ lies deep to the external oblique, and its fibres run anteriorly and superiorly.
The internal oblique
Bilateral: flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall.
Unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column.
The____runs horizontally, deep to the internal oblique.
transversus abdominis
- Bilateral: flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall. Used in
forced expiration. - Unilateral: lateral flexion of the vertebral column.
The______lies on either side of the linea alba and is separated by tendinous intersections
rectus abdominis
Flexion of the trunk & forced expiration - abs
A line of connective tissue down the middle of the abdomen for muscle attachment.
Linea alba:
