MODULE 2 SKELETAL Flashcards
functions of skeletal sys
support, protection, blood cell form, storage, movement
made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong.
Outer cortical layer:
made up of spongy bone, which appears porous and sponge-like.
Inner cancellous layer:
4 types of bones
flat bone - skull
irregular bones - verterbra
long bones - femur
short bones - ankle and wrist
feature of long bones
Epiphysis: Knobby, enlarged regions at the end, form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons
and ligaments.
Metaphysis: Region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
Diaphysis: Elongated cylindrical shaft.
covers the epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, and absorbs shock in movable
joints.
Articular cartilage - hyaline
this bone is single, forms the forehead and roof of the orbits - eye socket
frontal bone
this bone are paired and form the lateral and inferior walls of skull
temporal
features of temporal bone
zygomatic process, external audortory meatus, mastoid process
this is single bone, known as keystone of skull, joins the cranium and facial bones by attaching with almost every other bone in skull
sphenoid bone
these bones are paired, form superior and lateral surfaces of skull
parietal
this bone is single, form posterior and base of skull
occipital
occiptal bone - The____ allows the spinal cord to exit the cranial cavity
foramen magnum
articulate with the first bone in the neck
The occipital condyles
junction bw frontal and parietal bones
coronal
junction bw parietal bones
sagittal
junction bw occiptal and parietal bones
lamboid
junction bw temporal and parietal bones
squamous
cranial vault encompasses what and is called
all bones - frontal, parietal, occiptal flat bones, called skullcap
A ___is defined as a depression in a bone.
fossa
name the 3 fossae of brain
Anterior cranial fossa
* Middle cranial fossa
* Posterior cranial fossa
this is paired bone, upper jaw bones
maxillary
paired, artucalte with frontal, form bridge of nose
nasal bones
Paired
* Form the cheekbones
zygomatic bones - temporal process, which articulates with the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch.
single bone and forms the lower jaw
mandible - 3 parts - ramus (top), and angle, and body
The adult spine is made up of ___bones:
* Vertebrae
* Sacrum
* Coccyx
26 bones, 24 vert, 1 sac, 1 cocc
how many vert in each section
cervical = 7
thoracic = 12
lumbar = 5
sacrum = 5 fused
coccyx = 4 fused
three basic features of vertebra
body (ant)
vert arch )posterior) extend to spinoud and transverse process
vertabral foramen
C1 known as ___ and C2 is ____
atlas, axis
There are two features of C1 that are important for articulation with other bones:
- _____ provides surface for articulation with the dens (a feature of C2).
- __________ provide surfaces for articulation with the occipital condyles of the occipital
bone.
Anterior arch
Lateral masses
The main feature of C2 is the ___, which rests within the anterior arch of C1.
dens
The skull rests on top of the lateral masses of C1 via the _______. This joint allows for the ‘yes’
movement of the head. Underneath C1, the dens of C2 articulates, or attaches, with the _______.
This allows for the ‘no’ movement of the head from side to side.
occipital condyles, anterior arch
of C1
“jelly filled donut” located between two vertebrae. It acts as a shock
absorber.
Intervertebral Disc
These are lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae that allow for the passage of spinal nerves.
Intervertebral Foramina
true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs - numbers
true = pairs 1-7 9articulates directly (individually) with the sternum)
false ribs = pairs 8-10 (join rib 7 to
indirectly articulate with the sternum)
floating = pairs 11-12 ( no articulation with the sternum)
The shaft (rib) has a sharp inferior border which is grooved
(costal groove).
The head of a typical rib articulates with the bodies of two ______, while the tubercle of the
rib has a facet for articulation with the ____of one vertebra.
thoracic vertebrae, transverse process
3 parts of sternum
Manubrium: Articulation with rib 1
* Body: Articulates with ribs 2-7
* The xiphoid process
Connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and is formed by the:
* Clavicle and
* Scapula
pectroal girdle
n S-shaped bone. It joins with the manubrium of the sternum medially (proximally) and
the scapula laterally (distally).
clavicle
Together
with the ____, the coracoid process helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
acromion
e: The lateral surface feature of the scapula is the ____which articulates with
the head of the humerus (arm bone) to contribute to the shoulder joint.
glenoid fossa,
The single bone of the arm is the ____. It articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa of the
scapula to form the shoulder joint, and distally with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint
humerus
the ___-is laterally placed (thumb side) with reference to the forearm, and features = head, shaft, neck, distal end is wide and flat - artuclt with carpal wrist bones to form wrist joint, and STYLOID PROCESS
radius
______ is medially placed reference to the forearm.
It looks like a pipe wrench and has : articulates with distal end of humerus, olecranon (fits into olecranon fossa of humerus) and trochlear notch (C shaped depression which interlocks with trochlea of humerus)
ulna
the wrist, has how many carpal bones, how about hand, and fingers
wrist has 8 carpal (short), hand has 5 metacarpal (long bones), and figners have 14 phalanges (long bones)
which attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton, is formed by the hip (innominate)
bones. The hip bone consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
The pelvic girdle,
this is largest bone of pelvic girdle is
ilium - superior protion
: Located between the P I I Sand the ischial spine. It allows the passage of major
nerves and vessels from the pelvic cavity to the posterior region of the lower limb.
Greater sciactic notch
Located between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity. It permits the
passage of structures from the pelvic cavity to the genital region.
Lesser sciatic notch:
Deep curved depression for the articulation with the head of the femur.
Acetabulum:
Large opening on the anterior and inferior aspect of each pelvic girdle for the
passage of nerves and blood vessels.
Obturator foramen:
The head of the femur articulates with the ___of the pelvic girdle forming the hip joint.
acetabulum
Features present on the distal end of the femur include:
- _______(these are the parts of the femur that form the knee joint with the
tibia) - ____which is the articular surface on the anterior aspect of the femur
and forms a groove for the patella.
Medial and lateral condyles , Patellar (knee cap) surface
The __is the only weight-bearing bone of the leg
tibia
The fibula does not bear or transfer any weight, however the _____ (distal tip of the fibula),
provides lateral stability to the ankle joint
lateral malleolus
ankle has ___ tarsal bones (short)
7
foot has how many metatarsal bones - long
5
how many digits or toe
14 phalanges - long
– decreasing the angle between articulating bones (bending)
Flexion
____– increasing the angle between articulating bones (straightening)
Extension
___– movement away from the midline of the body
Abduction
– movement toward the midline of the body
Adduction
___occurs
when the forearm rotates so the palm faces anteriorly,
Supination
which occurs when the
forearm rotates so the palm faces posteriorly.
pronation
occurs when the ankle is twisted so
the soles of the feet turn medially
Inversion
which occurs when the ankle is twisted so the soles
of the feet turn laterally
eversion
: A continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
in succession
Circumduction
