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ANAT 100 > MODULE 2 SKELETAL > Flashcards

MODULE 2 SKELETAL Flashcards

1
Q

functions of skeletal sys

A

support, protection, blood cell form, storage, movement

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2
Q

made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong.

A

Outer cortical layer:

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3
Q

made up of spongy bone, which appears porous and sponge-like.

A

Inner cancellous layer:

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4
Q

4 types of bones

A

flat bone - skull
irregular bones - verterbra
long bones - femur
short bones - ankle and wrist

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5
Q

feature of long bones

A

Epiphysis: Knobby, enlarged regions at the end, form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons
and ligaments.
Metaphysis: Region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
Diaphysis: Elongated cylindrical shaft.

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6
Q

covers the epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, and absorbs shock in movable
joints.

A

Articular cartilage - hyaline

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7
Q

this bone is single, forms the forehead and roof of the orbits - eye socket

A

frontal bone

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8
Q

this bone are paired and form the lateral and inferior walls of skull

A

temporal

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9
Q

features of temporal bone

A

zygomatic process, external audortory meatus, mastoid process

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10
Q

this is single bone, known as keystone of skull, joins the cranium and facial bones by attaching with almost every other bone in skull

A

sphenoid bone

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11
Q

these bones are paired, form superior and lateral surfaces of skull

A

parietal

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12
Q

this bone is single, form posterior and base of skull

A

occipital

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13
Q

occiptal bone - The____ allows the spinal cord to exit the cranial cavity

A

foramen magnum

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14
Q

articulate with the first bone in the neck

A

The occipital condyles

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15
Q

junction bw frontal and parietal bones

A

coronal

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16
Q

junction bw parietal bones

A

sagittal

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17
Q

junction bw occiptal and parietal bones

A

lamboid

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18
Q

junction bw temporal and parietal bones

A

squamous

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19
Q

cranial vault encompasses what and is called

A

all bones - frontal, parietal, occiptal flat bones, called skullcap

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20
Q

A ___is defined as a depression in a bone.

A

fossa

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21
Q

name the 3 fossae of brain

A

Anterior cranial fossa
* Middle cranial fossa
* Posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

this is paired bone, upper jaw bones

A

maxillary

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23
Q

paired, artucalte with frontal, form bridge of nose

A

nasal bones

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24
Q

Paired
* Form the cheekbones

A

zygomatic bones - temporal process, which articulates with the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch.

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25
Q

single bone and forms the lower jaw

A

mandible - 3 parts - ramus (top), and angle, and body

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26
Q

The adult spine is made up of ___bones:
* Vertebrae
* Sacrum
* Coccyx

A

26 bones, 24 vert, 1 sac, 1 cocc

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27
Q

how many vert in each section

A

cervical = 7
thoracic = 12
lumbar = 5
sacrum = 5 fused
coccyx = 4 fused

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28
Q

three basic features of vertebra

A

body (ant)
vert arch )posterior) extend to spinoud and transverse process
vertabral foramen

29
Q

C1 known as ___ and C2 is ____

A

atlas, axis

30
Q

There are two features of C1 that are important for articulation with other bones:

  • _____ provides surface for articulation with the dens (a feature of C2).
  • __________ provide surfaces for articulation with the occipital condyles of the occipital
    bone.
A

Anterior arch
Lateral masses

31
Q

The main feature of C2 is the ___, which rests within the anterior arch of C1.

A

dens

32
Q

The skull rests on top of the lateral masses of C1 via the _______. This joint allows for the ‘yes’
movement of the head. Underneath C1, the dens of C2 articulates, or attaches, with the _______.
This allows for the ‘no’ movement of the head from side to side.

A

occipital condyles, anterior arch
of C1

33
Q

“jelly filled donut” located between two vertebrae. It acts as a shock
absorber.

A

Intervertebral Disc

34
Q

These are lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae that allow for the passage of spinal nerves.

A

Intervertebral Foramina

35
Q

true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs - numbers

A

true = pairs 1-7 9articulates directly (individually) with the sternum)

false ribs = pairs 8-10 (join rib 7 to
indirectly articulate with the sternum)

floating = pairs 11-12 ( no articulation with the sternum)

36
Q

The shaft (rib) has a sharp inferior border which is grooved

A

(costal groove).

37
Q

The head of a typical rib articulates with the bodies of two ______, while the tubercle of the
rib has a facet for articulation with the ____of one vertebra.

A

thoracic vertebrae, transverse process

38
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

Manubrium: Articulation with rib 1
* Body: Articulates with ribs 2-7
* The xiphoid process

39
Q

Connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and is formed by the:
* Clavicle and
* Scapula

A

pectroal girdle

40
Q

n S-shaped bone. It joins with the manubrium of the sternum medially (proximally) and
the scapula laterally (distally).

A

clavicle

41
Q

Together
with the ____, the coracoid process helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

A

acromion

42
Q

e: The lateral surface feature of the scapula is the ____which articulates with
the head of the humerus (arm bone) to contribute to the shoulder joint.

A

glenoid fossa,

43
Q

The single bone of the arm is the ____. It articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa of the
scapula to form the shoulder joint, and distally with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint

A

humerus

44
Q

the ___-is laterally placed (thumb side) with reference to the forearm, and features = head, shaft, neck, distal end is wide and flat - artuclt with carpal wrist bones to form wrist joint, and STYLOID PROCESS

A

radius

45
Q

______ is medially placed reference to the forearm.
It looks like a pipe wrench and has : articulates with distal end of humerus, olecranon (fits into olecranon fossa of humerus) and trochlear notch (C shaped depression which interlocks with trochlea of humerus)

A

ulna

46
Q

the wrist, has how many carpal bones, how about hand, and fingers

A

wrist has 8 carpal (short), hand has 5 metacarpal (long bones), and figners have 14 phalanges (long bones)

47
Q

which attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton, is formed by the hip (innominate)
bones. The hip bone consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

A

The pelvic girdle,

48
Q

this is largest bone of pelvic girdle is

A

ilium - superior protion

49
Q

: Located between the P I I Sand the ischial spine. It allows the passage of major
nerves and vessels from the pelvic cavity to the posterior region of the lower limb.

A

Greater sciactic notch

50
Q

Located between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity. It permits the
passage of structures from the pelvic cavity to the genital region.

A

Lesser sciatic notch:

51
Q

Deep curved depression for the articulation with the head of the femur.

A

Acetabulum:

52
Q

Large opening on the anterior and inferior aspect of each pelvic girdle for the
passage of nerves and blood vessels.

A

Obturator foramen:

53
Q

The head of the femur articulates with the ___of the pelvic girdle forming the hip joint.

A

acetabulum

54
Q

Features present on the distal end of the femur include:

  • _______(these are the parts of the femur that form the knee joint with the
    tibia)
  • ____which is the articular surface on the anterior aspect of the femur
    and forms a groove for the patella.
A

Medial and lateral condyles , Patellar (knee cap) surface

55
Q

The __is the only weight-bearing bone of the leg

A

tibia

56
Q

The fibula does not bear or transfer any weight, however the _____ (distal tip of the fibula),
provides lateral stability to the ankle joint

A

lateral malleolus

57
Q

ankle has ___ tarsal bones (short)

A

7

58
Q

foot has how many metatarsal bones - long

A

5

59
Q

how many digits or toe

A

14 phalanges - long

60
Q

– decreasing the angle between articulating bones (bending)

A

Flexion

61
Q

____– increasing the angle between articulating bones (straightening)

A

Extension

62
Q

___– movement away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

63
Q

– movement toward the midline of the body

A

Adduction

64
Q

___occurs
when the forearm rotates so the palm faces anteriorly,

A

Supination

65
Q

which occurs when the
forearm rotates so the palm faces posteriorly.

A

pronation

66
Q

occurs when the ankle is twisted so
the soles of the feet turn medially

A

Inversion

67
Q

which occurs when the ankle is twisted so the soles
of the feet turn laterally

A

eversion

68
Q

: A continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
in succession

A

Circumduction

69
Q
A

ANAT 100 (7 decks)

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