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General Psychology > Module 5 Learning > Flashcards

Module 5 Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

John B. Watson is referred to as the father of behaviorism.

A

true

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2
Q

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ______.

A

neutral stimulus

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3
Q

In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates _______.

A

stimulus generalization

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4
Q

There is clear and compelling, unequivocal evidence that media violence does meet the sequence of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation for modeling antisocial behavior.

A

false

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5
Q

Your little brother watches you learn to tie your shoes. He remembers what you did, and then tries to do it himself. Is this an example of modeling?

A

yes

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6
Q

The four steps of modeling are: attention, _______, reproduction, motivation.

A

retention

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7
Q

Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is…

A

shaping

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8
Q

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

A

variable ratio

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9
Q

a skinner box…

A

rewarded rats with food when they pressed a lever.

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10
Q

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that…

A

occurs as a result of experience

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11
Q

Two forms of associative learning are__________ and __________.

A

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

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12
Q

This type of learning occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that happen to occur together in the environment.

A

associative learning

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13
Q

Memory is a simple function.

A

false

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14
Q

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, stimuli from the environment is first processed through sensory memory.

A

true

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15
Q

Long-term memory is divided up into what two major headings?

A

explicit memory and implicit memory

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16
Q

The brain takes in information through a process called encoding.

A

true

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17
Q

Amnesia is the loss of short-term memory that occurs as a result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma.

A

false

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18
Q

Which of the following is not considered a function of memory?

A

forgetting

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19
Q

Learning a new skill that requires a lot of work and attention in order to encode information is known as…

A

effortful processing

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20
Q

Stimuli from the environment are processed first in…

A

sensory memory

21
Q

What are the three types of retrieval?

A

recall, recognition, relearning

22
Q

__________ amnesia prevents a person from creating new memories.

A

anterograde

23
Q

Faulty eyewitness identification and testimony, which can lead to wrongful convictions, can be attributed to…

A

suggestibility

24
Q

__________ is a major division of long-term memory that refers to all memories that are consciously available.

A

explicit memory

25
Q

Riding a bike and using a fork are examples of…

A

implicit memories

26
Q

The main parts of the brain involved with memory are the amygdala, the cerebellum, the prefrontal cortex, and the…

A

hippocampus

27
Q

Which of the following is not a strategy to help improve memory?

A

finding interference

28
Q

The storage capacity of long-term memory is…

A

essentially limitless

29
Q

Which of the following is an example of an innate reflex that occurs in human development?

A

infant sucking on a nipple

30
Q

Which of the following describes a motor or neural reaction to a specific stimulus in the environment?

A

reflex

31
Q

Which of the following is an example of associative learning?

A

classical conditioning

32
Q

Rewarding children with a treat to encourage behavior is an example of…

A

operant conditioning

33
Q

Baby hatchlings migrating to the sea is an example of…

A

instinctual behavior

34
Q

In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they modeled behavior by reproducing what actions?

A

they kicked and threw the doll

35
Q

Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?

A

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

36
Q

According to Albert Bandura, what distinguishes modeling from imitation?

A

cognitive processes like attention and retention

37
Q

The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.

A

model

38
Q

a model motivates behavior if…

A

the individual is intrinsically motivated, not punished for their behavior, and is rewarded.

39
Q

__________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.

A

negative punishment

40
Q

Skinner used which kind of consequence in his Skinner box?

A

positive reinforcement

41
Q

What was the name of the theory first proposed by Edward Thordike?

A

law of effect

42
Q

If you ask your dog to give you its paw and you give the dog a treat when it does, what kind of consequence are you using?

A

positive reinforcement

43
Q

You are late paying your internet provider, and your internet services are suspended. What consequence is being used to change your behavior so that you make your payment?

A

negative punishment

44
Q

A stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)…

A

conditioned stimulus

45
Q

spontaneous recovery refers to…

A

the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period.

46
Q

________ refers to what happens when we learn not to respond to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly without change.

A

habituation

47
Q

Before conditioning, Pavlov’s dogs…

A

never salivated when they heard the bell

48
Q

What was learned from Watson’s work with Little Albert?

A

fear can be conditioned

General Psychology (12 decks)

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