Module 5 Learning

Question 1

John B. Watson is referred to as the father of behaviorism.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ______.

Answer 2

neutral stimulus

Question 3

In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates _______.

Answer 3

stimulus generalization

Question 4

There is clear and compelling, unequivocal evidence that media violence does meet the sequence of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation for modeling antisocial behavior.

Answer 4

false

Question 5

Your little brother watches you learn to tie your shoes. He remembers what you did, and then tries to do it himself. Is this an example of modeling?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

The four steps of modeling are: attention, _______, reproduction, motivation.

Answer 6

retention

Question 7

Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is…

Answer 7

shaping

Question 8

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

Answer 8

variable ratio

Question 9

a skinner box…

Answer 9

rewarded rats with food when they pressed a lever.

Question 10

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that…

Answer 10

occurs as a result of experience

Question 11

Two forms of associative learning are__________ and __________.

Answer 11

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

Question 12

This type of learning occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that happen to occur together in the environment.

Answer 12

associative learning

Question 13

Memory is a simple function.

Answer 13

false

Question 14

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, stimuli from the environment is first processed through sensory memory.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Long-term memory is divided up into what two major headings?

Answer 15

explicit memory and implicit memory

Question 16

The brain takes in information through a process called encoding.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Amnesia is the loss of short-term memory that occurs as a result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma.

Answer 17

false

Question 18

Which of the following is not considered a function of memory?

Answer 18

forgetting

Question 19

Learning a new skill that requires a lot of work and attention in order to encode information is known as…

Answer 19

effortful processing

Question 20

Stimuli from the environment are processed first in…

Answer 20

sensory memory

Question 21

What are the three types of retrieval?

Answer 21

recall, recognition, relearning

Question 22

__________ amnesia prevents a person from creating new memories.

Answer 22

anterograde

Question 23

Faulty eyewitness identification and testimony, which can lead to wrongful convictions, can be attributed to…

Answer 23

suggestibility

Question 24

__________ is a major division of long-term memory that refers to all memories that are consciously available.

Answer 24

explicit memory

Question 25

Riding a bike and using a fork are examples of...

Answer 25

implicit memories

Question 26

The main parts of the brain involved with memory are the amygdala, the cerebellum, the prefrontal cortex, and the...

Answer 26

hippocampus

Question 27

Which of the following is not a strategy to help improve memory?

Answer 27

finding interference

Question 28

The storage capacity of long-term memory is...

Answer 28

essentially limitless

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of an innate reflex that occurs in human development?

Answer 29

infant sucking on a nipple

Question 30

Which of the following describes a motor or neural reaction to a specific stimulus in the environment?

Answer 30

reflex

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of associative learning?

Answer 31

classical conditioning

Question 32

Rewarding children with a treat to encourage behavior is an example of...

Answer 32

operant conditioning

Question 33

Baby hatchlings migrating to the sea is an example of...

Answer 33

instinctual behavior

Question 34

In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they modeled behavior by reproducing what actions?

Answer 34

they kicked and threw the doll

Question 35

Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?

Answer 35

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

Question 36

According to Albert Bandura, what distinguishes modeling from imitation?

Answer 36

cognitive processes like attention and retention

Question 37

The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.

Answer 37

model

Question 38

a model motivates behavior if...

Answer 38

the individual is intrinsically motivated, not punished for their behavior, and is rewarded.

Question 39

__________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.

Answer 39

negative punishment

Question 40

Skinner used which kind of consequence in his Skinner box?

Answer 40

positive reinforcement

Question 41

What was the name of the theory first proposed by Edward Thordike?

Answer 41

law of effect

Question 42

If you ask your dog to give you its paw and you give the dog a treat when it does, what kind of consequence are you using?

Answer 42

positive reinforcement

Question 43

You are late paying your internet provider, and your internet services are suspended. What consequence is being used to change your behavior so that you make your payment?

Answer 43

negative punishment

Question 44

A stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)...

Answer 44

conditioned stimulus

Question 45

spontaneous recovery refers to...

Answer 45

the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period.

Question 46

________ refers to what happens when we learn not to respond to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly without change.

Answer 46

habituation

Question 47

Before conditioning, Pavlov’s dogs...

Answer 47

never salivated when they heard the bell

Question 48

What was learned from Watson’s work with Little Albert?

Answer 48

fear can be conditioned