Module 5 Learning Flashcards
John B. Watson is referred to as the father of behaviorism.
true
A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ______.
neutral stimulus
In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates _______.
stimulus generalization
There is clear and compelling, unequivocal evidence that media violence does meet the sequence of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation for modeling antisocial behavior.
false
Your little brother watches you learn to tie your shoes. He remembers what you did, and then tries to do it himself. Is this an example of modeling?
yes
The four steps of modeling are: attention, _______, reproduction, motivation.
retention
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is…
shaping
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?
variable ratio
a skinner box…
rewarded rats with food when they pressed a lever.
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that…
occurs as a result of experience
Two forms of associative learning are__________ and __________.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
This type of learning occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that happen to occur together in the environment.
associative learning
Memory is a simple function.
false
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, stimuli from the environment is first processed through sensory memory.
true
Long-term memory is divided up into what two major headings?
explicit memory and implicit memory
The brain takes in information through a process called encoding.
true
Amnesia is the loss of short-term memory that occurs as a result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma.
false
Which of the following is not considered a function of memory?
forgetting
Learning a new skill that requires a lot of work and attention in order to encode information is known as…
effortful processing
Stimuli from the environment are processed first in…
sensory memory
What are the three types of retrieval?
recall, recognition, relearning
__________ amnesia prevents a person from creating new memories.
anterograde
Faulty eyewitness identification and testimony, which can lead to wrongful convictions, can be attributed to…
suggestibility
__________ is a major division of long-term memory that refers to all memories that are consciously available.
explicit memory
Riding a bike and using a fork are examples of…
implicit memories
The main parts of the brain involved with memory are the amygdala, the cerebellum, the prefrontal cortex, and the…
hippocampus
Which of the following is not a strategy to help improve memory?
finding interference
The storage capacity of long-term memory is…
essentially limitless
Which of the following is an example of an innate reflex that occurs in human development?
infant sucking on a nipple
Which of the following describes a motor or neural reaction to a specific stimulus in the environment?
reflex
Which of the following is an example of associative learning?
classical conditioning
Rewarding children with a treat to encourage behavior is an example of…
operant conditioning
Baby hatchlings migrating to the sea is an example of…
instinctual behavior
In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they modeled behavior by reproducing what actions?
they kicked and threw the doll
Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?
attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
According to Albert Bandura, what distinguishes modeling from imitation?
cognitive processes like attention and retention
The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.
model
a model motivates behavior if…
the individual is intrinsically motivated, not punished for their behavior, and is rewarded.
__________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
negative punishment
Skinner used which kind of consequence in his Skinner box?
positive reinforcement
What was the name of the theory first proposed by Edward Thordike?
law of effect
If you ask your dog to give you its paw and you give the dog a treat when it does, what kind of consequence are you using?
positive reinforcement
You are late paying your internet provider, and your internet services are suspended. What consequence is being used to change your behavior so that you make your payment?
negative punishment
A stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)…
conditioned stimulus
spontaneous recovery refers to…
the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period.
________ refers to what happens when we learn not to respond to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly without change.
habituation
Before conditioning, Pavlov’s dogs…
never salivated when they heard the bell
What was learned from Watson’s work with Little Albert?
fear can be conditioned
