Module 5: Knowledge Management Models

Question 1

It focuses on how information elements are selected and subsequently fed into organizational actions.

Answer 1

The Choo KM Model

Question 2

What are the phases of Choo KM Model?

Answer 2

Sense-Making
Knowledge Creation
Decision Making

Question 3

In this stage, one attempts to make sense of the information streaming in from the external environment.

Answer 3

Sense-Making

Question 4

He proposed a theory of sense making to describe how chaos is transformed into sensible and orderly processes in an organization through the shared interpretation of individuals.

Answer 4

Weick (2001)

Question 5

It is a term used to describe systems that can be taken apart or revised without damaging the entire system.

Answer 5

Loosely coupled system

Question 6

It permits adaptation, evolution, and extension.

Answer 6

Loose coupling

Question 7

What are the four integrated processes under the sense-making stage?

Answer 7

Ecological change
Enactment
Selection
Retention

Question 8

Is a change in the environment that is external to the organization - one that disturbs the flow of information to participant - and triggers an ecological change in the organization.

Answer 8

Ecological Change

Question 9

In this phase, people try to construct, rearrange, single out, or demolish specific elements of content.

Answer 9

Enactment

Question 10

Are the phases in which individuals attempt to interpret the rationale for the observed and enacted changes by making selections.

Answer 10

Selection and retention

Question 11

It furnishes the organization with an organizational memory of successful sense-making experiences.

Answer 11

Retention

Question 12

It is situated in rational decision-making models that are used to identify and evaluate alternatives by processing the information and knowledge collected to date.

Answer 12

Decision Making

Question 13

This model of organizational decision making was developed in reference to “ambiguous behaviors,” that is, explanations or interpretations of behaviors that at least appear to contradict classical theory.

Answer 13

The Garbage Can Model

Question 14

What is a good example of the application of satisfying behavior (Clemson, 1984)?

Answer 14

The 80/20 rule

Question 15

What is one strength of the Choo KM model?

Answer 15

The holistic treatment of key KM cycle processes.

Question 16

One of the more “realistic” or feasible models of KM for it represents organizational actions with “high fidelity.”

Answer 16

Choo KM Model

Question 17

studied the success of Japanese companies in achieving creativity and innovation.
They discovered that organizational innovation often stemmed from highly subjective insights that can best be described in the form of metaphors, slogans, or symbols.

Answer 17

Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995)

Question 18

Nonaka and Takeuchi underline the necessity of integrating the two approaches, what are those?

Answer 18

Cultural Epistemological
Organizational Points of View

Question 19

What are the Four Stages of Nonaka and Takeuchi?

Answer 19

Socialization
Externalization (conceptualization)
Combination
Internalization (learning by doing).

Question 20

It always begins with the individual. In each of these scenarios, an individual’s personal, private knowledge (predominately tacit in nature) is translated into valuable, public organizational knowledge.

Answer 20

Knowledge Creation Process

Question 21

What are the 4 Knowledge Conversion?

Answer 21

From tacit to tacit knowledge (Socialization)
From tacit to explicit knowledge (Externalization)
From explicit to explicit knowledge (Combination)
From explicit to tacit knowledge (Internalization)

Question 22

Is a continuous activity of knowledge flow, sharing, and conversion by individuals, communities, and the organization itself.

Answer 22

Knowledge Spiral

Question 23

What are the two steps in Knowledge Spiral?

Answer 23

Externalization
Internalization

Question 24

Redundancy will make it easier to articulate content, to share content, and to make use of it.

Answer 24

Knowledge Spiral

Question 25

What is the greatest strength of Nonaka and Takeuchi KM model?

Answer 25

Simplicity

Question 26

What is the shortcoming of the Nonaka and Takeuchi KM model?

Answer 26

it does not appear to be sufficient to explain all of the stages involved in managing knowledge

Question 27

Focuses on the knowledge transformations between tacit and explicit knowledge.

Answer 27

Nonaka and Takeuchi KM Model

Question 28

distinguishes between individual knowledge and social knowledge, and they take an epistemological approach to managing organizational knowledge:

Answer 28

Von Krogh and Ross KM Model (1995)

Question 29

What are the two perspective/ approach on Von Krogh and Ross KM Model?

Answer 29

Cognitivist Perspective
Connectionist Approach

Question 30

proposes that a cognitive system, whether it is a human brain or a computer, creates representations (i.e., models) of reality and that learning occurs when these representations are manipulated.

Answer 30

Cognitivist Perspective

Question 31

A cognitive organizational epistemology views organizational knowledge as what?

Answer 31

Self-organizing system

Question 32

___________ and _________ lead to learning.

Answer 32

Familiarity
Practice

Question 33

views knowledge as an abstract entity.

Answer 33

Cognitivism

Question 34

maintains that there can be no knowledge without a knower.

Answer 34

Connectionism

Question 35

appears to be the more appropriate one for underpinning a theoretical model of knowledge management, especially owing to the fact that the linkage between knowledge and those who “absorb” and make use of the knowledge is viewed as an unbreakable bond.

Answer 35

Connectionist Approach

Question 36

Organizations interpret and “sense” of external
events to reduce uncertainty.

Answer 36

Choo Sense Making KM Model

Question 37

Deals with information as knowledge (less on tacit to explicit conversions)

Answer 37

Choo Sense Making KM Model

Question 38

Interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge. Knowledge creating spiral where knowledge continuously.

Answer 38

Nonaka and Takeuchi

Question 39

Relationship of individuals and relationships within knowledge management

Answer 39

Von Krogh and Ross KM Model

Question 40

Relationship of individuals and relationships within knowledge management

Answer 40

Von Krogh and Ross KM Model

Question 41

What are the stages of Von Krogh and Ross KM Model?

Answer 41

Individual Knowledge
Social Interaction
Cognitive and Emotional Dimensions