Four Major Approaches to Knowledge Management Cycle Flashcards
What are the four major approaches to Knowledge Management Cycle?
- The Meyer & Zack KM Cycle
- The Bukowitz and William KM Cycle
- The McElroy KM Cycle
- The Wiig KM Cycle
What are the three (3) Information Products of Meyer & Zack KM Cycle?
- Information Products
- Information content
- Information unit
It is a systematic process that involves creating, capturing, refining, storing, distributing, and presenting knowledge within an organization.
Knowledge Management Cycle
Who proposed the Meyer & Zack KM Cycle?
Michael H. Meyer and Michael H. Zack
These are any information sold to internal or external customers, such as databases, news synopsis, or customer profiles. They represent a repository to be stored, retrieved, and manipulated.
Information Products
This refers to the data held in the repository that provides the building blocks for information products. The type of content varies depending on the organization.
Information Content
This is the formally defined atom of information to be stored, retrieved, and manipulated. This concept applies to knowledge as well.
Information Unit
It becomes the foundation for an organization’s family of information and knowledge products, and it is often the first kernel of organizational memory.
Repository
Meyer and Zack KM Cycle is also known as?
Refinery
What are the five (5) stages of Meyer and Zack KM cycle?
- Acquisition
- Refinement
- Storage/ Retrieval
- Distribution
- Presentation/ Use
This phase involves gathering and evaluating current knowledge and information materials, scope, accuracy, relevance, and exclusivity.
Acquisition
This is the process of adding value to knowledge products.
Refinement
Forms a bridge between the upstream stages (acquisition and refinement) that feed the repository and the downstream of physical or digital product generation.
Storage/ Retrieval
Describes how the product is delivered to the end user. It also encompasses the medium of delivery as well as timing, frequency, form, language, etc.
Distribution
In this stage, we evaluate the effectiveness of each of the preceding, value-added steps.
Presentation/ Use
This cycle describe a knowledge management process framework that outlines “how organizations generate, maintain, and deploy a strategically correct stock of knowledge to create value.”
Bukowitz and Williams KM Cycle
What are the two processes under the Bukowitz and Williams KM Cycle?
TACTICAL
STRATEGIC
What are the four tactical phases?
Get
Use
Learn
Contribute
What are the three strategic stages?
Assess
Build/ Sustain
Divest
Consists of seeking out the information needed to make decisions, solve problems, or innovate.
GET
Deals with how to combine information in new ways and interesting ways to foster organizational innovation.
USE
Deals with getting employees to post what they have learned to the communal knowledge base.
CONTRIBUTE
Refers to the formal process of learning from experiences as a means of creating competitive advantages.
LEARN
Assessment evaluates intellectual capital and requires the organization to define mission-critical knowledge and map current intellectual capital against future knowledge needs.
ASSESS
Ensure that the organization’s future intellectual capital will keep the organization viable and competitive.
BUILD/ SUSTAIN
Organizations need to examine their intellectual capital in terms of the resources to maintain it and whether these would be better spent elsewhere.
DIVEST
What are the two processes under the McElroy KM Cycle?
Knowledge Production
Knowledge Integration
What are the four processes under the Knowledge Production in McElroy KM Cycle?
- Individual and Group Learning
- Knowledge Claim Formulation
- Information acquisition
- Knowledge validation
It is the process by which an organization introduces new knowledge claims to its operating environment and retire old ones.
Knowledge Integration
It involves the process of effectively incorporating and disseminating knowledge within an organization.
Teaching
Refers to the process of distributing and exchanging information, insights, and expertise among individuals or groups within an organization.
Knowledge sharing
It refers to an assertion or statement about what is known or believed to be true within a specific context or organization.
Knowledge claim
Matches reinforce existing knowledge, leading to its reuse, whereas mismatches lead to adjustments in business-processing behavior via __________, (Argyris and Schon, 1978)
Single-loop learning
Successive failures from mismatches will lead to doubt and ultimately rejection of existing knowledge, which will in turn trigger knowledge processing to produce and integrate new knowledge, this time via ___________, (Argyris and Schon, 1978)
Double-loop learning
Who proposed the Wiig Cycle?
Karl M. Wiig
What are the three conditions that need to be present for an organization to conduct its business successfully?
Business and Customers
Resources
Ability to Act
What are the four major steps in Wiig’s KM Cycle?
- Building Knowledge
- Holding Knowledge
- Pooling Knowledge
- Applying Knowledge
What are the four (4) process under Wiig KM Cycle
- Building knowledge
- Holding knowledge
- Pooling knowledge
- Applying knowledge
What are the five (5) major activities under the Building Knowledge? (KKKCO)
- Knowledge Creation
- Knowledge Analysis
- Knowledge Synthesis/ Reconstruction
- Codify and Model Knowledge
- Organize Knowledge
What are the four stage of Holding Knowledge?
- Remembering
- Accumulating Knowledge in Repositories
- Embedding Knowledge in Repositories
- Archiving Knowledge
What are the three (3) stages of pooling knowledge?
- Coordinating
- Assembling
- Accessing & Retrieving of Knowledge
It is the act of combining two or more information.
Pooling knowledge
process of acquiring, organizing, and expanding information and understanding about a subject. It involves learning from various sources, integrating new insights with existing knowledge, and applying what you’ve learned to solve problems or make informed decisions.
Building Knowledge
Refers to the ability to recall and access previously learned information or experiences.
Remembering
This refers to the process of gathering, organizing, and storing information in centralized systems or databases for easy access and future use.
Accumulating knowledge in repositories
This process integrates knowledge into organizational practices, which ensures that knowledge is becoming a formal part of organizational practices.
Embedding knowledge in repositories
This process involves moving outdated or time-irrelevant contents to less accessible or basic storage medium, and retaining them for potential use in the future.
Archiving knowledge
Coordination of knowledge typically requires the formation of collaborative teams to work with particular content in order to create a “who knows what” network.
Coordinating
Once knowledge sources are identified, they are then assembled into background references for a library or repository in order to facilitate subsequent access and retrieval.
Assembling
Consist of generalizing analyzed material to obtain broader principles, generation hypothesis to explain observation, establishing conformance between new and existing knowledge, and updating the total knowledge pool by incorporating the new knowledge.
Knowledge synthesis/ Reconstruction
involves how we represent knowledge in our minds, how we then assemble the knowledge into a coherent model, how we document knowledge in books and manuals, and how we encode it in order to a knowledge repository.
Codify and Model knowledge
For specific uses and according to an established organizational framework (such as standard and categories). This organization is usually done using some form of knowledge ontology and taxonomy
Organize Knowledge
• Extracting what appears to be knowledge from obtained materials.
• Abstracting extracted materials
• Identifying patterns extracted
• Explaining the relations between knowledge fragments
• Verifying that extracted materials correspond to the meaning of original sources.
Knowledge Analysis
