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BIOM1050 > Module 5 - Endocrines > Flashcards

Module 5 - Endocrines Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Thyroid Gland release?

A

Thyroid Hormones and Calcitonin

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2
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

A

Lowers blood calcium level

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3
Q

What do parathyroid glands release?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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4
Q

What does the Parathyroid hormone do?

A

Raises blood calcium

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5
Q

What two components make the Adrenal Glands?

A

Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex

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6
Q

What does the Adrenal Medulla release?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

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7
Q

What does Adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

A

Raise blood glucose level; increase metabolic activity and constrict or dilate blood vessels

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8
Q

What does the Adrenal Cortex do?

A

Glucocorticoids And Mineralocorticoids

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9
Q

What do Glucocorticoids do?

A

Raise blood glucose levels

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10
Q

What do Mineralocorticoids do?

A

Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys

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11
Q

What two major endocrines do ovaries release?

A

Oestrogens and Progesterone

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12
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Promotes uterine lining growth

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13
Q

What major endocrine do the testicles release?

A

Androgens

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14
Q

What do androgens do?

A

Support sperm formation, promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

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15
Q

What do the Pineal Glands release?

A

Melatonin

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16
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

Participates in regulation of biological rhythms

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17
Q

What hormones do the Posterior Pituitary glands release?

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

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18
Q

What does Oxytocin do?

A

Stimulates contract of uterus and mammary gland cells

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19
Q

What is Vasopressin also known as?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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20
Q

What does Vasopressin do?

A

Promotes retention of water by kidneys;

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21
Q

What part of the brain influences social behaviour and bonding?

A

Posterior Pituitary

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22
Q

What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary release? (7)

A
  • Folicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinising Hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
  • Prolactin
  • Growth Hormone
  • Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone
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23
Q

What does Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone do? (FSH) and (LH)

A

Stimulate Ovaries and Testes

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24
Q

What does TSH do?

A

Stimulate the Thyroid gland and raise BMR

25
Q

What do Andronocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex

26
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

Stimulate the mammary glands

27
Q

What do growth hormones do?

A

Stimulate growth and metabolic functions

28
Q

What hormone affects colour of melanocytes?

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?

29
Q

What does the Pancreas release?

A

Insulin and glucagon

30
Q

What organs contain endocrine cells?

A

Thymus, Heart, Liver, Stomach, Kidney and Small Intestines

31
Q

What hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary have tropic effects?

A

FSH/LH, TSH and ACTH

32
Q

What hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary have nontropic effects?

A

Prolactin and MSH

33
Q

What hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary have both tropic and nontropic effects?

A

Growth Hormone

34
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine cells or glands

35
Q

What endocrine cells do LH and FSH sitmulate?

A

The male and female gonads

36
Q

What endocrine cells do TSH stimulate?

A

The thyroid

37
Q

What endocrine cells do ACTH stimulate?

A

The adrenal cortex

38
Q

What are nontropic hormones?

A

Hormones that target nonendocrine tissue

39
Q

What does prolactin do in freshwater fish?

A

Regulate salt and water balance

40
Q

What does Prolactin do in birds?

A

Regulates reproduction

41
Q

What does Prolactin do in Amphibians?

A

Delays metamorphosis

42
Q

What cells of the pancreas release insulin and glucagon?

A

Beta release insulin, alpha release gulcagon

43
Q

What do enteric divisions control?

A

Gastro pathways

44
Q

Difference in glucose between starch and cellulose?

A

Starch: a-glucose

Cellulose: b-glucose

45
Q

What are the primary catecholamines?

A

The primary catecholamines are dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine.

46
Q

The hypophyseal portal system?

A

The hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the microcirculation at the base of the brain, connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is to quickly transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus and anterior pituitary gland.

47
Q

What connects oxygen to haemoglobin?

A

Positive cooperativity

48
Q

How does CO2 kick off O2 from haem?

A

O2 and H+ fight for haemoglobin

49
Q

Is erythroprotein only produced in the kidneys?

A

No, it is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver

50
Q

Where is angiotensin converting enzyme produced in the body?

A

Lungs

51
Q

Aside from releasing aldesterone in the adrenal glands, what does angiotensin 2 do?

A

Causes arterioles to constrict which causes blood pressure to increase

52
Q

What are more elastic, veins or ateries? Why?

A

Arteries - If they are not elastic than they would rupture due to pressure.

53
Q

What type of hormone is adrenaline?

A

Water soluble polypeptide

54
Q

What type of hormone is thyoxine?

A

lipid soluble amine

55
Q

What type of hormone is cortisol?

A

Lipid soluble steroid

56
Q

What type of hormone is insulin?

A

Water solube polypeptide

57
Q

What transduction receptor occurs with insulin?

A

tyrosine kinase

58
Q

What is thyroxine?

A

Main thyroid hormone

59
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in a person’s lungs after fully exhaling

BIOM1050 (7 decks)

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