Module 5: Digestive & Respiratory Systems Flashcards
Greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine.
Bile
A rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing; any soft round mass.
Bolus
The blind-ended pouch at the beginning of the large intestine.
Cecum
Semifluid, creamy mass consisting of partially digested food and gastric juice.
Chyme
First part of the small intestine.
Duodenum
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.
Enzyme
Muscular tube extending from the laryngopharynx through the diaphragm to join the stomach; collapses when not involved in food propulsion.
Esophagus
Sac beneath the right lobe of the liver used for bile storage.
Gallbladder
Opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.
Glottis
Terminal part of the small intestine; between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine.
Ileum
The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum.
Jejunum
Portion of the digestive tract extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus; includes the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
Large Intestine
Lobed accessory organ that overlies the stomach; produces bile to help digest fat, and serves other metabolic and regulatory functions.
Liver
Gland located behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum; produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions.
Pancreas
Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs).
Peristalsis
Muscular tube extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the esophagus.
Pharynx
Elevations or ridges, as in stomach mucosa.
Rugae
Convoluted tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve where it joins the large intestine; the site where digestion is completed and virtually all absorption occurs.
Small intestine
A circular muscle surrounding an opening; acts as a valve.
Sphincter
Temporary reservoir in the gastrointestinal tract where chemical breakdown of proteins begins and food is converted into chyme.
Stomach
One of the fingerlike projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption.
Villus
(1) One of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs; (2) tiny milk-producing glandular sac in the breast; (3) tooth socket.
Alveolus
Receptor in the aortic arch sensitive to changing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels of the blood.
Aortic body
1 mm in diameter) branching air passageways inside the lungs.
Bronchiole
One of the two large branches of the trachea that leads to the lungs.
Bronchus
A receptor in the common carotid artery sensitive to changing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels of the blood.
Carotid body
(1) Any partition or wall separating one area from another; (2) a muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the lower abdominopelvic cavity.
Diaphragm
Elastic cartilage at the back of the throat; covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing.
Epiglottis
Opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.
Glottis
Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid and between tissue fluid and cells.
Internal respiration
Cartilaginous organ located between the trachea and the pharynx; voice box.
Larynx
Oxygen-bound form of hemoglobin.
Oxyhemoglobin
Muscular tube extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the esophagus.
Pharynx
Two layers of serous membrane that line the thoracic cavity and cover the external surface of the lung.
Pleurae
The processes involved in supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide.
Respiration
Secretion produced by certain cells of the alveoli that reduces the surface tension of water molecules, thus preventing the collapse of the alveoli after each expiration.
Surfactant
Windpipe; cartilage-reinforced tube extending from larynx to bronchi.
Trachea
The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by forcible expiration after the deepest inspiration; total exchangeable air.
Vital capacity
