Module 1: Endocrine System Key Terms

Question 0

Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by the kidneys

Answer 0

Aldosterone

Question 1

Anterior pituitary hormone that influences the activity of the adrenal cortex

Answer 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 2

A hormone such as testosterone that controls male secondary sex characteristics

Answer 2

Androgen

Question 3

The glandular part of the pituitary gland

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

Question 4

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine volume

Answer 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin)

Question 5

Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high (therapeutic) levels

Answer 5

Calcitonin

Question 6

Glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex

Answer 6

Cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Question 7

Disease caused by deficient insulin release or by insulin resistance, leading to inability of the body cells to use carbohydrates

Answer 7

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Question 8

Chief hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Also called adrenaline.

Answer 8

Epinephrine

Question 9

Hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics; female sex hormones

Answer 9

Estrogens

Question 10

Gonad-stimulating hormones produced by the anterior pituitary

Answer 10

Gonadotropin

Question 11

Hormone formed by the alpha cells of pancreatic islets; raises the glucose level of blood

Answer 11

Glucagon

Question 12

Hormone that stimulates growth in general; produced in the anterior pituitary; also called somatotropin

Answer 12

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 13

Steroidal or amino-acid based molecules released to the blood that act as chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions

Answer 13

Hormone

Question 14

A hormone that enhances the carrier-mediated diffusion of glucose into tissue cells, this lowering blood glucose levels

Answer 14

Insulin

Question 15

A hormone secreted by the pineal gland; secretion peaks at night and helps set sleep-awake cycles; also a powerful antioxidant.

Answer 15

Melatonin

Question 16

Condition resulting from under active thyroid gland

Answer 16

Myxedema

Question 17

A catecholamine neurotransmitter and adrenal medullary hormone, associated with sympathetic nervous system activation

Answer 17

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 18

Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates blood calcium level

Answer 18

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 19

A hormone-secreting part of the diencephalon of the brain thought to be involved in setting the biological clock and influencing reproductive function

Answer 19

Pineal gland

Question 20

Neural part of the pituitary gland; part of the neurohypophysis

Answer 20

Posterior pituitary

Question 21

Hormone partly responsible for preparing the uterus for the fertilized ovum

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

Adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the breasts to produce milk

Answer 22

Prolactin (Prolactin)

Question 23

A lipid-based chemical messenger synthesized by most tissue cells; acts locally as a paracine

Answer 23

Prostaglandins

Question 24

Male sex hormone produced by the testes; during puberty promotes virilization, and is necessary for normal sperm production

Answer 24

Testosterone

Question 25

Anterior pituitary hormone that regulates the secretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 25

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 26

Iodine-containing hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; accelerates cellular metabolic rate in most body tissues

Answer 26

Thyroxine (T4)