Module 5 - Childhood Flashcards
growth in childhood
slows down compared to growth in infancy. comes in ‘spurts’
brain size 4-5 years
almost the same as an adult
grow more in height than weight >
loose chubby toddler appearance - 4-5 years
weight gain at 4-5 years
only gain 3-5kg since 3 years old
which assessment are conducted before children start school?
hearing and vision
weight of school age 6-12yrs
increases rapidly at 3kg per year; appears less lean
age of weight spurt for boys
10-12 years
age of weight spurt for girls
9-12 years
at 12, girls are often…
taller than boys
pre-puberty (9-12yrs) leads to an increased…
endocrine function; ie. perspiration and active sebaceous glands
what are growth charts used for?
to record, map and compare a child’s height, weight and head circumference against children of the same age
what are growth charts helpful for?
to identify a child’s growth pattern and identify any points for intervention
can tell stories, go to the bathroom and wash hands independently
preschool 4-5 yr developmental milestone
brush teeth, hop, jump, dress themselves and play co-operatively
preschool 4-5yr developmental milestone
perfect muscular skills and co-ordination, can play games and sports
school age 6-12yrs developmental milestone
fine motor skills, reading and writing
school age 6-12yrs developmental milestone
3-5yrs stage of psychosocial development
initiative vs guilt
6-12yrs stage of psychosocial development
industry vs inferiority
what is the favourable outcome in the ‘intiative vs guilt ‘ stage?
a sense of purpose or self-efficacy
what is the favourable outcome in the ‘industry vs inferiority’ stage?
competence and self esteem
2-7yr phase of cognitive development
preoperational
begin to use language to express concepts, pretend play and imagination prevalent
preoperational cognitive development stage
egocentric in thinking, have difficulty seeing another’s perspective. can only think of one idea at a time
preoperational cognitive development stage
7-11yr cognitive development phase
concrete operational
the ‘concrete operational’ stage of cognitive development is characterised by the beginning of?
logical and operational thought
can understand concepts and more than one viewpoint
concrete operational cognitive phase
in 2017-2018, it is estimated that ___% of australian children have asthma between ages 0-14
10%
what is the most common chronic condition in children?
asthma
how does an asthma attack start?
with a cough or wheeze
which part of the respiratory system does asthma most affect?
the smaller airways; bronchi and bronchioles
how are the bronchi and bronchioles affected by asthma?
the inner airways are chronically inflamed, and therefore hyperesponsive to certain triggers
common asthma triggers
- tobacco smoke
- pollen
- dust
- fragrances
- exercise
- cold weather
- stress
- common cold
an ‘asthma attack’ is also known as an…
exacerbation
what happens to the smaller airways in asthmatics when exposed to a trigger?
- the smooth rings of muscle contract and become narrow
- muscosal lining becomes swollen, secretes mucus that blocks the airways, making it harder to breathe
smooth muscle constriction in an asthma attack results in…
feelings of tightness in chest
excess mucus and increased inflammation during asthma attack results in…
coughing and wheezing noise
‘reliever’ medications for asthma contain…
beta-agonists
what do beta-agonists do?
relax constricted muscles, allowing airways to widen so more air can travel in and out of lungs
‘preventative’ asthmatic medications contain
corticosteroids
what do corticosteroids do?
reduce airway sensitivity and inflammation
what do corticosteroids help to prevent over the long-term?
damage from chronic inflammation, which can cause scarring in the airways
asthma is a _____ respiratory condition involving ____ ______ _________.
obstructive
chronic airway inflammation
what 3 things occur in the airways of someone with asthma?
- inflammation
- mucous production
- bronchoconstriction
a child with asthma should have a ______ developed by their gp. how often should this be updated?
asthma action plan
at least every 12 months
what is the recommended method of using puffers in children?
spacers
why are spacers useful?
they allow the maximum amount of medication to be inhaled into the alveoli
a puffer is also called a
metered dose inhaler (MDI)
an obstructive airway disorder is a problem with getting air…
out
in terms of child protection, RNs are _______ ___________.
mandatory reporters
being a mandatory report means that
we are legally mandated to report any suspected risk of significant harm to a child under 16 years of age
failure to gain weight, poor standards of hygiene and untreated physical problems such as nappy rash, sores or poor school attendance are signs of….
neglect
- bruising to the head, face and neck
- bruising and marks showing shape
- fractured bones (especially under 3yrs)
- burns and scalds
- explanation of injury not consistent with type of injury
are all signs of….
physical abuse
excessive criticism, withholding affection and exposure to domestic violence are characterised as
emotional abuse/psychological harm
- lack of people skills
- attention seeking behaviour
- lack of trust in others
- feeling worthless
- highly self critical, anxious or depressed
- suicide attempts and threats
emotional abuse/psychological harm
- bruising or bleeding to genital area
- STIs
- describing sexual acts
- regressive behaviour such a bed wetting
- self destructive behaviour
- adolescent pregnancy
sexual abuse
