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Person & Family Centred Care > Module 5 - Childhood > Flashcards

Module 5 - Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

growth in childhood

A

slows down compared to growth in infancy. comes in ‘spurts’

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2
Q

brain size 4-5 years

A

almost the same as an adult

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3
Q

grow more in height than weight >

A

loose chubby toddler appearance - 4-5 years

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4
Q

weight gain at 4-5 years

A

only gain 3-5kg since 3 years old

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5
Q

which assessment are conducted before children start school?

A

hearing and vision

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6
Q

weight of school age 6-12yrs

A

increases rapidly at 3kg per year; appears less lean

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7
Q

age of weight spurt for boys

A

10-12 years

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8
Q

age of weight spurt for girls

A

9-12 years

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9
Q

at 12, girls are often…

A

taller than boys

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10
Q

pre-puberty (9-12yrs) leads to an increased…

A

endocrine function; ie. perspiration and active sebaceous glands

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11
Q

what are growth charts used for?

A

to record, map and compare a child’s height, weight and head circumference against children of the same age

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12
Q

what are growth charts helpful for?

A

to identify a child’s growth pattern and identify any points for intervention

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13
Q

can tell stories, go to the bathroom and wash hands independently

A

preschool 4-5 yr developmental milestone

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14
Q

brush teeth, hop, jump, dress themselves and play co-operatively

A

preschool 4-5yr developmental milestone

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15
Q

perfect muscular skills and co-ordination, can play games and sports

A

school age 6-12yrs developmental milestone

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16
Q

fine motor skills, reading and writing

A

school age 6-12yrs developmental milestone

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17
Q

3-5yrs stage of psychosocial development

A

initiative vs guilt

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18
Q

6-12yrs stage of psychosocial development

A

industry vs inferiority

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19
Q

what is the favourable outcome in the ‘intiative vs guilt ‘ stage?

A

a sense of purpose or self-efficacy

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20
Q

what is the favourable outcome in the ‘industry vs inferiority’ stage?

A

competence and self esteem

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21
Q

2-7yr phase of cognitive development

A

preoperational

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22
Q

begin to use language to express concepts, pretend play and imagination prevalent

A

preoperational cognitive development stage

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23
Q

egocentric in thinking, have difficulty seeing another’s perspective. can only think of one idea at a time

A

preoperational cognitive development stage

24
Q

7-11yr cognitive development phase

A

concrete operational

25
Q

the ‘concrete operational’ stage of cognitive development is characterised by the beginning of?

A

logical and operational thought

26
Q

can understand concepts and more than one viewpoint

A

concrete operational cognitive phase

27
Q

in 2017-2018, it is estimated that ___% of australian children have asthma between ages 0-14

A

10%

28
Q

what is the most common chronic condition in children?

A

asthma

29
Q

how does an asthma attack start?

A

with a cough or wheeze

30
Q

which part of the respiratory system does asthma most affect?

A

the smaller airways; bronchi and bronchioles

31
Q

how are the bronchi and bronchioles affected by asthma?

A

the inner airways are chronically inflamed, and therefore hyperesponsive to certain triggers

32
Q

common asthma triggers

A
  • tobacco smoke
  • pollen
  • dust
  • fragrances
  • exercise
  • cold weather
  • stress
  • common cold
33
Q

an ‘asthma attack’ is also known as an…

A

exacerbation

34
Q

what happens to the smaller airways in asthmatics when exposed to a trigger?

A
  • the smooth rings of muscle contract and become narrow

- muscosal lining becomes swollen, secretes mucus that blocks the airways, making it harder to breathe

35
Q

smooth muscle constriction in an asthma attack results in…

A

feelings of tightness in chest

36
Q

excess mucus and increased inflammation during asthma attack results in…

A

coughing and wheezing noise

37
Q

‘reliever’ medications for asthma contain…

A

beta-agonists

38
Q

what do beta-agonists do?

A

relax constricted muscles, allowing airways to widen so more air can travel in and out of lungs

39
Q

‘preventative’ asthmatic medications contain

A

corticosteroids

40
Q

what do corticosteroids do?

A

reduce airway sensitivity and inflammation

41
Q

what do corticosteroids help to prevent over the long-term?

A

damage from chronic inflammation, which can cause scarring in the airways

42
Q

asthma is a _____ respiratory condition involving ____ ______ _________.

A

obstructive

chronic airway inflammation

43
Q

what 3 things occur in the airways of someone with asthma?

A
  1. inflammation
  2. mucous production
  3. bronchoconstriction
44
Q

a child with asthma should have a ______ developed by their gp. how often should this be updated?

A

asthma action plan

at least every 12 months

45
Q

what is the recommended method of using puffers in children?

A

spacers

46
Q

why are spacers useful?

A

they allow the maximum amount of medication to be inhaled into the alveoli

47
Q

a puffer is also called a

A

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

48
Q

an obstructive airway disorder is a problem with getting air…

A

out

49
Q

in terms of child protection, RNs are _______ ___________.

A

mandatory reporters

50
Q

being a mandatory report means that

A

we are legally mandated to report any suspected risk of significant harm to a child under 16 years of age

51
Q

failure to gain weight, poor standards of hygiene and untreated physical problems such as nappy rash, sores or poor school attendance are signs of….

A

neglect

52
Q
  • bruising to the head, face and neck
  • bruising and marks showing shape
  • fractured bones (especially under 3yrs)
  • burns and scalds
  • explanation of injury not consistent with type of injury
    are all signs of….
A

physical abuse

53
Q

excessive criticism, withholding affection and exposure to domestic violence are characterised as

A

emotional abuse/psychological harm

54
Q
  • lack of people skills
  • attention seeking behaviour
  • lack of trust in others
  • feeling worthless
  • highly self critical, anxious or depressed
  • suicide attempts and threats
A

emotional abuse/psychological harm

55
Q
  • bruising or bleeding to genital area
  • STIs
  • describing sexual acts
  • regressive behaviour such a bed wetting
  • self destructive behaviour
  • adolescent pregnancy
A

sexual abuse

Person & Family Centred Care (8 decks)

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