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Person & Family Centred Care > Module 3 - Neonatal > Flashcards

Module 3 - Neonatal Flashcards

1
Q

physical development of the neonate is characterised by significant change in?

A

weight, length, head growth, vision, motor development

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2
Q

which clinical tool shows growth for breastfed infants?

A

WHO Child Growth Standards

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3
Q

which clinical tool shows a combined growth pattern for formula-fed AND breastfed infants?

A

CDC Growth Chart

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4
Q

weight at birth

A

2.7-3.8kg

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5
Q

average birth weight for non-indigenous newborns

A

3.36kg

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6
Q

average birth weight for indigenous newborns

A

3.2kg

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7
Q

how much weight do infants lose after birth and why is this?

A

5-10% of birth weight, fluid loss

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8
Q

weight gain

A

150-210g per week for 6 months

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9
Q

average length

A

50cm

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10
Q

what can cause the height, weight and circumference of a baby to vary?

A

ethnicity

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11
Q

why is head circumference important?

A

to determine the growth rate of the skull and brain

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12
Q

normal head circumference is called?

A

normocephaly

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13
Q

average head circumference

A

35cm

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14
Q

what can head circumference vary by?

A

1-2cm

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15
Q

chest circumference is usually what compared to the head circumference?

A

less than the head by 2.5cm

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16
Q

head and chest circumference at 9-10mths

A

the same

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17
Q

chest circumference after 1yrs old

A

larger than the head

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18
Q

why does head moulding occur? how long does this last?

A

due to the fontanelles and sutures in the skull. usually fixes itself after a week.

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19
Q

what are fontanelles?

A

un-ossified membranous gaps in the bone structure of the skull

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20
Q

what are sutures?

A

junction lines of the skull bones that overlap to provide flexibility for moulding of the head

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21
Q

when does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

around 9-18months

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22
Q

when does the posterior fontanelle close?

A

2-3 months

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23
Q

newborn vision

A
  • follow large moving objects
  • blink in response to bright lights and sound
  • slowly responding pupils
  • eyes cannot focus on close objects
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24
Q

when can the baby focus gaze on objects and follow moving ones?

A

by one month

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25
Q

when can baby recognise their parent’s smile?

A

4 months

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26
Q

social smiles may appear as early as?

A

2 months

27
Q

baby will have almost complete colour vision at?

A

4 months

28
Q

when does depth perception fully develop?

A

by 12 months

29
Q

Moro reflex

A

startle reflex involving spreading of the arms and fingers with sudden retraction of the limbs

30
Q

what can the infant do within a few days (hearing)

A

distinguish between different sounds (mothers voice from another)

31
Q

baby will coo, smile or gurgle to sounds and voices by

A

2-3 months

32
Q

sucking reflex

A

feeding reflex occurring when the lips are touched

33
Q

rooting reflex

A

feeding reflex occurring by touching the baby’s cheek, causing the head to turn to the side that was touched

34
Q

the moro reflex is assessed to determine what?

A

the maturity of the central nervous system

35
Q

how long does the moro reflex take the disappear

A

4 months

36
Q

palmar grasp reflex

A

occurs when a small object is placed against the palm of the hand, causing the fingers to curl around it

37
Q

plantar reflex

A

toes curl when pressure is placed on the sole of the foot

38
Q

tonic neck reflex (TNR)

A

when the baby is lying on its back and has its head turned to one side, the limbs on the opposite side flex

39
Q

stepping reflex

A

legs move up and down as if the baby were walking when holding baby upright with the feet touching the floor below

40
Q

babinski reflex

A

when the sole of the foot is stroked, the big toe rises and the other toes fan out

41
Q

what is the APGAR score?

A

an immediate assessment at birth providing a score based on 5 factors: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respirations

42
Q

highest possible score on APGAR

A

10

43
Q

when is the APGAR typically carried out?

A

1 minute after birth then 5 minutes after

44
Q

normal APGAR score

A

7-10

45
Q

critical APGAR score

A

<4

46
Q

appearance score 1

A

blue extremities and pink body

47
Q

appearance score 2

A

body and extremities pink

48
Q

pulse score 1

A

<100 bpm

49
Q

pulse score 2

A

> 100 bpm

50
Q

grimace score 1

A

grimace on suction or aggressive stimulation

51
Q

grimace score 2

A

cry on stimulation

52
Q

activity score 1

A

some flexion of arms and legs

53
Q

activity score 2

A

active flexion against resistance

54
Q

respiration score 1

A

weak, irregular, slow

55
Q

respiration score 2

A

strong crying

56
Q

infant social development

A

displeasure by crying, satisfaction by soft noises

57
Q

infants require how many ml of milk?

A

80-100ml / kg of body weight

58
Q

how often do infants have to be fed?

A

2.5-4hrs

59
Q

the Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines recommend that newborns and infants are what?

A

breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months

60
Q

what does breastmilk contain that is extremely important for newborns?

A

nutrients and antibodies protecting against common childhood illnesses

61
Q

which two immunisations do infants receive at birth?

A

hepatitis B and vitamin K

62
Q

what does vitamin K do?

A

helps the blood form clots and prevent serious blood loss

63
Q

which document shows the immunisations needed across the lifespan?

A

the National Immunisation Program Schedule

Person & Family Centred Care (8 decks)

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