Module 4 - Infancy Flashcards
visual assessment
tone, interactiveness, consolability, look, speech/cry
what must be considered when conducting a paediatric assessment?
their anatomical and physiological differences to adults
A-F assessment
airway breathing circulation disability exposure fluids
larger head, prominent occupit, short neck and soft tracheal cartilage are all important during an airway assessment because?
it means the airways can be obstructed when the neck is flexed
large tongue, floppy eppiglottis and narrow nasal passages mean what during an airway assessment?
that nasal secretions, inflammation and foreign objects can easily cause obstruction
what is significant about breathing in infants?
they are abdominal breathers, meaning that they rely on their diapghrams to breathe
what causes infants to be ‘abdominal breathers’?
inefficient intercostal and accessory muscles
RR <3 months
30-55
RR 3-12mths
30-45
RR 1-4yrs
20-40
RR 5-11yrs
20-30
RR 12+ yrs
15-20
circulation in children
circulating blood per kilogram is higher but the volume is smaller, making it much easier to sustain dangerous blood loss
the anterior fontanelle is useful in assessing which two things?
dehydration and intracranial pressure
which assessments should be conducted age appropriately in particular?
- pain assessment (wong baker scale)
- GCS
neonates and infants have …. (relating to fluid)
higher total body water and greater proportion of extracellular fluid
the immature kidney function in infants means that
they have reduced capacity to reabsorb sodium and water
neonates, infants and children all require what assessment and why?
regular weight and height assessment to assess nutritional intake
health promotion
- nutrition
- immunisations
- safety
- dental
- socialisation
- education
- discipline
why is it important to assess developmental milestone?
to ensure the child is developing and progressing properly
- smiling at people
- lifts head and chest off the floor
- fix eyes on moving object
2 months
- turns head to sound
- smooth movement of arms and legs
- coos, gurgles
2 months
- recognises faces
- babbles
- reaches for spoon when being fed
6 months
- rolls in both direction
- sits without support
- preparing to crawl
6 months
- shy with strangers
- says a few words
- can feed themselves with a spoon
12 months
- follows instructions
- pulls themselves to standing
- walks holding onto furniture
12 months
- walks alone
- says several single words
- walks up stairs
18 months
- grasps crayon with palmer grip
- drinks from cup
- neat pincer grip
18 months
- says sentences
- copies others
- stands on tip toes
2 years
- climbs furniture
- walks up and down stairs holding on
- kicks ball
2 years
- jumps with both feet
- runs easily
- pedals tricycle
3 years
- uses zippers and buckles
- mostly toilet trained
- 2-3 sentence conversation
3 years
age of trust vs mistrust
birth to 18 months
trust vs mistrust is developed through
a sense of predictability where their needs are met; results in security as a positive outcome
autonomy vs shame and doubt age
18 months - 3 years
result of autonomy vs shame and doubt
toddlers learn to control their emotions with guidance of parents and caregivers; resulting in self control
sensorimotor age
birth to 2 years
what is developed during sensorimotor cognitive development?
a basic understanding of cause and effect
six safe sleeping messages
- sleep on back with face up
- keep head and face clear
- in own safe space to sleep (cot)
- smoke free environment
6 common causes of childhood injuries
- burns/scalds
- poisoning
- choking
- near-drowning
- entrapment
- breaks, sprains, concussion, head injury
