module 5 - bronsted-lowry acids and bases Flashcards
what do acids and alkalis release?
H+ and OH- ions in water
why do acids release H+ ions in aqueous solution?
because they dissociate
why do alkalis release OH- ions in aqueous solution?
because they dissociate
what thing neutralises another to form water?
OH- ions neutralise H+ ions
what is an alkali?
a soluble base
what’s a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
a proton donor
what’s a Bronsted-Lowry base?
a proton acceptor
is HCl a strong or weak acid?
strong
whats a conjugate acid-base pair?
it contains 2 species that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton
what’s a conjugate acid?
a species that releases a proton to form a conjugate base
in aqueous solution, what does dissociation require?
a proton to be transferred from an acid to a base
what is the name and formula of the ion formed when water accepts a hydrogen?
- hydronium
- H30+(aq)
what is the active acid ingredient in any aqueous acid?
the hydronium ion
in equations, what does H+ really represent?
hydronium ion
what does mono, di and tri basic refer to?
THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS IN THE ACID THAT CAN BE REPLACED PER MOLECULE IN AN ACID-BASE REACTION
in acid base reactions, what is usually replaced by what?
protons replaced by meta ions or ammonium to make a salt
list 2 monobasic acids
HCl and ethanoic acid
list a dibasic acid
sulfuric acid and carbonic acid (H2CO3)
list a tribasic acid
boric acid
- H3BO3
where don’t organic acids replace any hydrogen atoms from?
the main carbon chain
what are the 3 steps in writing equations for complete neutralisations?
1) count number of h atoms (not on organic carbon chains) to work out if mon/di/tribasic
2) write equation using however many moles of the base is needed to replace all h atoms you’ve identified
3) the moles of the base is the same as moles of water formed. remember state symbols
what’s the formula for phosphoric acid?
H3PO4
what 4 things do acids react with to make salts?
- metals
- carbonates
- metal oxides
- alkalis
when writing ionic equations with H+, what doesn’t matter and why?
- the acid
- because it’s the same reaction
how do you turn a full equation into an ionic one?
cancel out the spectator ions from each side of the arrow
what are spectator ions?
ions that don’t change or react during the reaction
what type of acids undergo redox reactions with some metals to make salt and hydrogen?
- dilute acids
what’s the ionic equation for any metal + acid?
metal(s) + 2H+(aq) —> metal 2+(aq) + H2(g)
which acid is a strong oxidising agent?
nitric acid
write the ionic equation showing how solid copper carbonate reacts with any acid?
2H+(aq) + CuCO3 (s) —> Cu2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
for a solid, why do u write the ionic equation with the full formula of the carbonate?
because it changes state during the reaction
give an example of an aqueous solution of carbonate?
NaCO3 (aq)
what’s the simplest ionic equation of an aqueous solution of carbonate reacting with an acid?
2H+ (aq) + CO3^2-(aq) –> H2O + CO2
what’s the ionic equation of an aqueous solution of Na carbonate reacting with an acid?
2H+ (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + CO3^2-(aq) –> H2O + CO2 + 2Na+
acid + metal oxide/hyd =
salt + water
what’s the ionic equation for any metal oxide/hydrox + acid?
2H+ + metal oxide = metal 2+ + H2O
with alkalis in neutralisation reactions, what 2 things are in solution?
the acid and base
what’s the ionic equation for alkali + acid?
h+ + oh- = h2o
are metal oxides alkalis or bases?
base
