module 2 - acids and redox Flashcards
what do all acids contain in their formula?
hydrogen
what does an acid release when dissolved in water?
hydrogen ions as protons into the solution
write an equation to show how hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water.
HCl (g) + aq —–> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
- formula of nitric acid?
- formula of ethanoic acid
- HNO3
- CH3COOH
give an example of a strong acid?
HCl
How far does a strong acid dissociate?
- it releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions and completely dissociates in aq solution
write the equation for the dissociation of HCL
HCl (aq) —> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
give an example of a weak acid!
ethanoic acid
How far does a weak acid dissociate?
- it only releases a small amount of hydrogen atoms into solution as ion
- it partially dissociates in aq solution
write the equation for the dissociation of CH3COOH?
CH3COOH (aq) (equi arrow) H+(aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
in ethanoic acid, which hydrogens are released as H+?
- the hydrogen atom on the COOH group is released as H+
give 4 groups of bases!!
- metal oxides
- metal hydroxides
- metal carbonates
- ammonia (NH3)
what is a base?
a compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt
what is an alkali?
a base that dissolves in water to release OH- ions into solution
write a formula showing the alkali sodium hydroxide dissolving in water
NaOH (s) + aq —-> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
give 3 metal oxide examples?
- MgO
- CaO
- CuO (copper oxide)
give 3 metal carbonate examples?
- Na2CO3
- CaCO3 (calcium carb)
- CuCO3
give 3 alkali examples?
- NaOH
- KOH
- NH3
acid + base =
salt + water
in a neutralisation reaction, what happens to the H+ ions?
they’re replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base
seen as replacing the H in the formula too
what salts does sulfuric, nitric and ethanoic acid make?
- sulfate
- nitrate
- ethanoate
whats the formula for ammonium ethanoate?
CH3COONH4
acid + metal oxide/hydroxide =
salt + water
for alkali neutralisation reactions, what do the reactants have to be in?
solution (aq)
acid + alkali =
salt & water
what’s the ionic equation for most neutralisation reactions?
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
acid + metal carbonate =
salt + water + carbon dioxide
formula of magnesium chloride?
MgCl2
is H2SO4 a strong acid? write equation for dissociation of H2SO4 in water
- yes, but only for 1 of the 2 hydrogen atoms
- H2SO4 (aq) —>H+ (aq) + HSO4- (aq)
- HS04- (aq) (equi arrow) H+ (aq) + SO4^2- (aq)
- the HSO4- ions behave as a weak acid after (most strong acids do this)
