Module 5 Flashcards
The discovering the presence of a contaminant or its associated hazard in an area or environment
Detection
The measurement of the amount of a contaminant or its associated hazard at a given time and location
Monitoring
The act of taking a small part of a material for testing and analysis
Sampling
What is the O2 level in the hot zone
< 19.5% or > 23%
What is the LEL % in the hot zone
Greater than or equal to 25% LEL
What is the Ionizing Radiation level of the Hot Zone
> 2 mR/h
What is the O2 level in the cold zone
~ 21%
When entering and area where the hazard is not identified always monitor for these hazards in Atmospheric Monitoring
Radiation
Flammable Vapors
Oxygen Concentration
Toxic Gases (PPM or PPB)
7 Types of Hazards
- High Energy Release
- Flammability
- O2 deficiency
- O2 Enriched
- Toxic
- Corrosive
- Biological Potential
What is the issue with High Energy Release
Unexpected release of chemical energy or ionizing radiation
What is the issue with Flammability
The production of atmosphere where vapors can ignite and burn
What is the issue with O2 deficiency
Atmosphere lacks sufficient O2 to support life
What is the issue with O2 enriched
Atmosphere provides too much O2 and increases risk of fire or toxicity
What is the issue with Corrosives
Damaging or destructive effects to living tissues (skin, lungs, eyes) or certain metals
What is the issue with Biological Potential
Microorganisms and/or their by-products that can cause illness or death
Emergency Action levels of Ionizing Radiation
Greater or equal to 2mR/hr - Consult a specialist
Emergency Action levels of Flammability
Greater than or equal to 25% of LEL
- Explosive/Extreme Fire hazard
- Leave area immediately and Ventilate
Emergency Action levels of O2 Enriched
Greater than or equal to 23.5% volume in air
- Increased fire hazard
- Secure oxidizer and ventilate
Emergency Action levels of O2 Deficient
Less than or equal to 19.5% volume in air
- SCBA Required
RAD
Radiation Absorbed Dose
- The basic unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation
Geiger -Mueller Tube
Gas filled detector
Can detect Alpha, Beta, Gamma
Scintillation Detector
Uses crystals that when hit by radiation produces a pulse of light
What are the 2 Principles of Detection
Geiger - Mueller Tube
Scintillation Detector
Radiation Survey Monitors (2)
Ludlum Model 2240 (Alpha Beta Gamma)
Ludlum 2241-3 (Alpha Beta Gamma)
Dosimeters
Measure total exposure to individuals over a given period of time
OSLD
Optically-Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeter
What does the Optically-Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeter do?
Provides a permanent record of total dose accumulated (badges radiology techs wear)
CGI, what does this stand for?
Combustible Gas Indicators
How is CGI used?
- used to determine the presence of flammable vapors and hydrocarbon products.
- They measure the flammable vapors as a % of the LEL
If the Flammable Environment Action Level is less than ___ % LEL. What should you do?
10%, Continue with caution
If the Flammable Environment Action Level ___ % - _____% LEL. What should you do?
10% - 25%, Continue working with caution and continuous monitoring
If the Flammable Environment Action Level is greater than ___ % LEL. What should your do?
25%, Withdraw from area
Correction Factors for CGI equation
Meter Reading x Correction Factor = ## % LEL
0.00 x Meter reading = % volume in air
% volume in air x 10000 = ## ppm
For every 1% drop in O2, there is…..
approx 50000 ppm of something else present
What is O2 and LEL measured in?
%
What are toxic sensors measured in?
ppm
What are the action levels for O2
Less than 19.5% O2 deficient atmosphere
- OSHA Requires the use of SCBA or SAR
Greater than 23.5% (VOSH) / 25% (OSHA) O2 enriched atmosphere
- Extreme fire and/or explosion hazard
What are some limiting factors of O2 sensors
- altitude
- limited 1-2 year shelf life
- low temps may freeze the electrolyte solution in sensor
- Oxidizers will give a high reading
- High CO limit sensor
- may be affected by changes in temp, humidity, and atmospheric pressure
- May be affected by high concentrations of CO or CO2
Toxic Gas Sensors
used to detect and measure the presence of gases such as Hydrogen Sulfide, and CO, Chlorine and a broad range of other chemicals
What do photoionization detectors monitor?
- detect either qualitative or quantitative presence of organic and inorganic compounds
- measures the concentration of gases present in a sample using photoionization
What does PID stand for?
PhotoIonization Detector
What is the ionization potential (IP)?
of a molecule that the energy in electron volts (eV) required to free an electron from the molecule.
What is the eV of the bulb used in the PID’s?
10.6
Limitations of the PID
UV light is affected by radio waves
Dust or dirt on lamp windows affects readings
Condensation on lamp windows affects readings
If the IP is lower than the eV bulb at 10.6 what will happen
The chemical will be seen
If the IP is higher than the eV bulb aat 10.6 what will happen
The chemical will NOT be seen and a higher bulb may be needed or a flame ionization detector
Flame Ionization Detector
- Used to detect volatile hydrocarbons and many carbon containing compounds.
- This can ionize any organic material with an IP of 15.4 or less
Colormetric Tubes
- allow an evaluation of potential hazards quickly, operate by drawing an air sample through a tube.
- Used for the detection of specific vapors and also for aiding in the identification of unknowns.
Qualitative
The positive or negative of product
Quantitative
Measurable to determine the amounts and proportions.
Colormetric tube limitations:
1-3 year shelf life
moisture and temp can affect readings
difficulty with interpreting
different brands of colormetrics do not work with other pumps.
On pH scale, if the finding is below a 7 what is it
Acid
On the pH scale, if the finding is above a 7 what is it
Base
What are PCB tests?
changes color in presence of PCB (found in old electrical transformers)
What does a positive on a Protein Test Kit mean?
possibility of a biological agent
