MOD 3 Flashcards
If Boiling Point is less than ambient air it is what?
Gas
If the material’s boiling point is above the ambient air but below 300 F.. what is it?
Liquid with vapors
If the materials Boiling point is above 300F what is it?
Liquid
If the melting/freezing point is above ambient temp what is it?
Solid
Any substance that boils at atmospheric pressure at any temp less than 80F
Gas
DOT defines gases as materials with a boiling point below… what temp?
68F
This material, when in a container has an absolute pressure of 40 psi @ 70F
Compressed Gas
This gas becomes a liquid in a container at normal temps at a pressure from 25 to 2500 psi
Liquefied Compressed Gas
Gases with boiling points below -130F
Cryogenic Gas
These have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
Liquids
Boiling point
determination of how many volumes of gas or vapor are produced by the evaporation of one volume of liuid
Vapor density
- relative density of a vapor compared to air
Specific Density
- Relative density of a liquid when compared to water
Critical temp and pressure
- Relates to the process of liquefying gases
Critical Temperature
min temp required to liquefy a gas, no matter how much pressure is applied
Critical Pressure
the pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to a liquid state
Boiling point
Temp at which the transition from liquid to a gas state
Melting point
temp at which a solid becomes a liquid
SADT
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temp
- property of every preroxide, range is 0F - 50F
- if some portion of the material reaches this temp, decomp will begin and no way to stop it.
LC 50
Concentration Fifty Percent
- concentration of a material in air, that is expected to kill 50% of animal test group when administered in a specific time period
When a substance passes directly from a solid to a vapor state
Sublimation
The ability of a substance to form a solution with water t
Solubility
A chemical reaction that combines metal elements with non metal elements producing a compound called Salt
Ionic Bonding
A chemical reaction that combines two non-metals together. These products are held together by the sharing of electrons between the parts.
Covalent Bonding
Minimum temp to which a material must be raised to allow for combustion in the presence of an ignition source
Flash Point
This temperature is usually 1-3F above the flash point. This must be sustained for continuous combustion to occur
Fire point
the % of vapor in the air, in which ignition will occur
Flammable Range
Flammable Range is described in terms of _________ and __________
LEL
UEL
Minimum temp which a material must be heated in order to initiate self-sustained combustion
Ignition Temp.
Words that end in “- ene”
Alkenes are made of carbons that attach to each other with double covalent bonds.
- Very reactive
Words that end in “-yne”
Alkynes are made up of carbons that attach to each other with triple covalent bonds.
-Highly unstable
4 types of Routes of exposure
- Inhalation
- ingestion
- Absorption
- Injection
3 Types of Contact Hazards
- Chemical Burns
- Thermal burns
- Frostbite
TLV - what does this stand for
Threshold Limit Value
TLV deffinition
airborne concentrations of materials to which nearly all workers can be exposed day after day without adverse effects.
TLV / TWA- what does this stand for
Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average
TLV /TWA deffinition
max concentration, averaged over 8 hrs, to which a healthy adult can be exposed to for 8 hrs/day, 40 hrs / week.
TLV / STEL- what does this stand for
Threshold Limit Value / Short Term Exposure Limit
TLV / STEL definition
max average concentration, averaged over a 15 min period, for healthy adults, that can be exposed for up to 15 min continuously and no more than 4 x / day.
TLV / C - what does this stand for
Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling
TLV / C Definition
max concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed without risk of injury.
LD 50 - what does this stand for
Lethal dose fifty percent
LD 50 deffinition
a single dose that will cause the death of 50% of a group of tested animals exposed to it by any route other than inhalation.
PEL - what does this stand for
Permissible Exposure Limit
PEL Definition
Max amount or airborne concentration of a substance to which a worker may be legally exposed to.
- PEL’s are set by OSHA
BLEVE - what does this stand for
Boil Liquid Expansion Vapors Explosion
BLEVE definition
container failure with a release of energy, often rapid and violent. Also accompanied by a release of gas to the atmosphere and propulsion of the container.
Polymerization
a chemical reaction in which small molecules combine to form larger molecules
Catalyst
used to speed up chemical reaction
inhibitor
chemical that is used to prevent chemical reaction
Isotopes
atoms of an element all have the same number of protons
5 Sorbent materials
- Cellulose bonded
- Dirt and Earth
- Expanded polymer
- mineral and clay based
- Sand
2 Methods for controlling air release
- Vapor Dispersion
- Vapor Supression
7 Methods for Liquid Release
- Dispersants
- Dilution
- Neutralization
- Solidification
- Gelatin
- Absorbents
- Adsorbents
Classes of Hazardous Materials
1 Explosives 2 Gases 3 Flammable Liquids 4 Flammable Solids 5 Oxidizers / Organic Peroxides 6 Poisons / Infections materials 7 Radiological 8 Corrosives 9 Misc.
Pure Substances
homogeneous materials having a constant, fixed chemical composition with no impurities
Element
Simplest form of any substance cannot be decomposed into smaller units and remain that element
Compounds
substance composed of 2 or more elements in a chemical combination that has a fixed chemical composition.
Mixtures
materials that are made of 2 or more substances in varying proportions that are not chemically combined
Solution
a uniformed dispersion of one or more substances (Solute) in one or more other substances (solvent)
Slurry
a pourable mix of a solid and liquid
