Module 5-6

Question 1

Two types of second messengers discussed in lecture can exist downstream of a plasma membrane receptor. These are ____ and _____

Answer 1

GTP-binding proteins; adenylyl cyclase

Question 2

For a cell to respond to a ligand released from a cell and uses the circulatory system to get to the responding cell it is called _____ communication

Answer 2

Endocrine

Question 3

For a cell to respond to a ligand released from a neighboring cell where the ligand diffuses directly from one cell to another is called_____ communication

Answer 3

Paracrine

Question 4

There are two basic forms of cytoplasmic signaling (i.e. Signal transduction). One uses ____ and the other uses _____

Answer 4

Calcium, kinases

Question 5

There is communication between cells and communication _____ cells

Answer 5

Within

Question 6

When insulin binds to a receptor, this signal first uses

Answer 6

Kinases

Question 7

The other point where MAPK can become active is _____ of the cell cycle

Answer 7

M-phase

Question 8

MAPK has two different functions depending on where this kinase acts in the _____ ______. If the kinase becomes active during interphase the cell is triggered to progress through the ______ ______.

Answer 8

Cell cycle, cell cycle

Question 9

There are two basic types of cell communication within cells. One type is called _____ signaling and it takes days to weeks to occur. The other type is called ______ communication and it takes minutes to hours to act

Answer 9

Nuclear, cytoplasmic

Question 10

There are two types of receptors. One type of receptor binds to polar (hydrophilic) ligands and this is the receptor located in the ______ ______.

Answer 10

Plasma membrane

Question 11

When a cell “talks to itself” it is called _____ communication

Answer 11

Autocrine

Question 12

At these checkpoints, a cyclin works with a cyclin-dependent kinase (i.e., Cdk) to regulate the checkpoint (t/f)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Gap1 of the cell cycle represents the time when the Cell is doing what it is supposed to do as part of its cell type. In other words, that is when a liver cell is doing its function as a liver cell. (T/f)

Answer 13

True

Question 14

List the three categories of cells in the body with regard to the cell cycle

Answer 14

Never go through cell cycle; can be induced to go through cell cycle by injury; constantly go through cell cycle

Question 15

An important checkpoint regulator is at the gap2/ m-phase transition. Here cyclin B and Cdk1 activate and form MPF which becomes a _____ ______ and causes the DNA to condense into _______

Answer 15

Histone kinase, chromosome

Question 16

Cytoplasmic signal transduction controls the checkpoints of the cell cycle. (T/f)

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The synthesis/ presence of cyclin is what turns on the Cdk as the Cdk is always present but it is the cyclin that is synthesized and degraded in cycles. (t/f)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Cancer can be described as a loss of cell cycle regulation. (T/f)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In your body, not all cells go through the cell cycle. (T/f)

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The activation of both MPF and MAPK result in ______ _______ of the cytoplasm during m-phase

Answer 20

Settling down

Question 21

In the span of 10 years, every cell in your adult body goes through the cell cycle. (t/f)

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells takes 2 forms. List them.

Answer 22

Animal- contractile ring formation
Plant- phragmolast formation

Question 23

Many chemotherapy drugs act by arresting the cell in m- phase of the cell cycle. (T/f)

Answer 23

True

Question 24

After DNA synthesis (i.e. s-phase) an identical copy of the DNA has been made and this is present in the two chromatids when viewed as the chromosome. (T/f)

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The ______ begins to be destroyed at the metaphase of the cell cycle causing chromosomes to begin to _______

Answer 25

Cyclin B; decondense

Question 26

During mitosis, the cytoplasm of the cell is “settled down” (t/f)

Answer 26

True