Module 5-6 Flashcards
Two types of second messengers discussed in lecture can exist downstream of a plasma membrane receptor. These are ____ and _____
GTP-binding proteins; adenylyl cyclase
For a cell to respond to a ligand released from a cell and uses the circulatory system to get to the responding cell it is called _____ communication
Endocrine
For a cell to respond to a ligand released from a neighboring cell where the ligand diffuses directly from one cell to another is called_____ communication
Paracrine
There are two basic forms of cytoplasmic signaling (i.e. Signal transduction). One uses ____ and the other uses _____
Calcium, kinases
There is communication between cells and communication _____ cells
Within
When insulin binds to a receptor, this signal first uses
Kinases
The other point where MAPK can become active is _____ of the cell cycle
M-phase
MAPK has two different functions depending on where this kinase acts in the _____ ______. If the kinase becomes active during interphase the cell is triggered to progress through the ______ ______.
Cell cycle, cell cycle
There are two basic types of cell communication within cells. One type is called _____ signaling and it takes days to weeks to occur. The other type is called ______ communication and it takes minutes to hours to act
Nuclear, cytoplasmic
There are two types of receptors. One type of receptor binds to polar (hydrophilic) ligands and this is the receptor located in the ______ ______.
Plasma membrane
When a cell “talks to itself” it is called _____ communication
Autocrine
At these checkpoints, a cyclin works with a cyclin-dependent kinase (i.e., Cdk) to regulate the checkpoint (t/f)
True
Gap1 of the cell cycle represents the time when the Cell is doing what it is supposed to do as part of its cell type. In other words, that is when a liver cell is doing its function as a liver cell. (T/f)
True
List the three categories of cells in the body with regard to the cell cycle
Never go through cell cycle; can be induced to go through cell cycle by injury; constantly go through cell cycle
An important checkpoint regulator is at the gap2/ m-phase transition. Here cyclin B and Cdk1 activate and form MPF which becomes a _____ ______ and causes the DNA to condense into _______
Histone kinase, chromosome
Cytoplasmic signal transduction controls the checkpoints of the cell cycle. (T/f)
True
The synthesis/ presence of cyclin is what turns on the Cdk as the Cdk is always present but it is the cyclin that is synthesized and degraded in cycles. (t/f)
True
Cancer can be described as a loss of cell cycle regulation. (T/f)
True
In your body, not all cells go through the cell cycle. (T/f)
True
The activation of both MPF and MAPK result in ______ _______ of the cytoplasm during m-phase
Settling down
In the span of 10 years, every cell in your adult body goes through the cell cycle. (t/f)
False
Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells takes 2 forms. List them.
Animal- contractile ring formation
Plant- phragmolast formation
Many chemotherapy drugs act by arresting the cell in m- phase of the cell cycle. (T/f)
True
After DNA synthesis (i.e. s-phase) an identical copy of the DNA has been made and this is present in the two chromatids when viewed as the chromosome. (T/f)
True
The ______ begins to be destroyed at the metaphase of the cell cycle causing chromosomes to begin to _______
Cyclin B; decondense
During mitosis, the cytoplasm of the cell is “settled down” (t/f)
True
