Module 13-14 Flashcards
The receptors in the post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the snaps can be defined as inhibitory or excitatory. (T/f)
False
Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid (t/f)
False
The central nervous system (cns) contains:
A) nerves extending from the spinal cord to the fingers
B) motor neurons extending from the spinal column to the fingers
C) only the brain
D) two of the above
E) there is no correct answer
There is no correct answer
Briefly explain why the action potential flows only from the axon hillock to the terminal web
The action potential originates from the axon hillock which initiates the flow of the action potential because of the presence of higher density voltage-gated ion channels
In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is:
Calcium ions
The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs (t/f)
True
Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin (t/f)
False
Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell (T/f)
True
How do glial cells (i.e., myelin sheath) speed up the firing of neurons
They provide insulation for the axons
Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell (t/f)
True
The neural tissues are:
Spinal cord, sensory neurons, and brain
List the 4 types of glial cells and list a phrase to describe their function
Microglia: deans up cellular debris; astrocytes: support and repair neurons; Schwann cells: myelinates axons of the neurons in the PNS; satellite: form the blood-brain barrier within the CNS
Voltage-gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor (t/f)
False
The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (t/f)
True
The terminal web:
Is a site of exocytosis
Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire (t/f)
False
Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons (t/f)
True
The post-synaptic cell can be:
In glands, muscle cells, neurons
The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K-ATPase pump (T/f)
True
The cell body refers to the part of neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal (t/f)
False
Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells (t/f)
False
When the presynaptic cell contracts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate. (T/f)
True
Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes (t/f)
True
The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron (t/f)
False
The action potential is:
A result of the movement of ions
Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating (t/f)
False
The resting potential of neurons is:
A) 0mV
B) same as the action potential
C) always a positive value
D) two of the above
C) answer is not on the list
Answer is not on the list
Fast neurons as described in lecture repair cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channel (t/f)
False
Vitamin D is really a hormone (t/f)
True
What could the stress of taking an exam do to your glucose levels in various parts of the body
The adrenal gland’s trigger the release of glucose stored in various organs, which often leads to elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream
The medulla of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine (adrenaline) (t/f)
True
Insulin is produced by alpha cells (t/f)
False
Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol (T/f)
True
The parasympathetic nervous system is triggered to act by exposure to epinephrine (t/f)
False
Insulin is a ligand
True
When the sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to glucose to provide more energy
True
When vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis
True
