Module 3-4 Flashcards
What are the two functions of a membrane
Keeping a barrier that regulates which molecules go in and out of the cell and protecting the cell from its surroundings and controls
Explain the evolutionary origin of the mitochondria
Mitochondria evolved by way of symbiosis. A cell (ppe) that was presumably sick or weakened attempted to eat another cell (PPP) that was not weak and happened to be good at creating ATP. The PPP created extra ATP and gave it to the PPE. The health of the pie improved and it kept the PPP within to create ATP
We are made up of _ water
50-70
Facilitated diffusion uses a channel protein to let components move down their concentration gradient. (T/f)
True
The Er is contiguous with the Golgi apparatus (t/f)
False
The plasma membrane gets new lipids from:
• the lumen of the Er
• the lumen of the Golgi apparatus
• making new lipids at the plasma membrane
• the nucleus
• none of the above
None of the above
A single pass trans-membrane protein that is an alpha helix can make a channel. (T/f)
False
When a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane the contents of the lumen of the vesicle are:
• ligands that enter the nucleus
• ligands that become the part of the plasma membrane
• ligands that are used in cell communication
• two of the above
• part of the nuclear pore complex
Ligands that are used in cell communication
What is the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid?
A phospholipid has 2 fatty acids and a triglyceride has 3 fatty acids
What is the difference between a single-pass transmembrane protein and a 7 - pass transmembrane protein?
A single pass TMP crosses the membrane only once and is not an open channel. A 7-pass TMP will cross the membrane 7 times and will create an open channel
The Er is contagious with the nuclear envelope. (T/f)
True
Cholesterol is_ to have in biological membranes
Good
For a protein to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the endoplasmic reticulum’s lumen or part of the ER’s membrane:
• the messenger RNA goes directly to the ER
• A ribosome binds to the mRNA sequence and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a single sequence
• ribosomes at the endoplasmic reticulum bind to the protein
• is a random event and one day the protein could go to the ER and in another day the same protein could associate with a free polyribosome
• none of the above
A ribosome binds to the mRNA sequence and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a single sequence
If something is soluble in water and a shell of hydration forms around it, it is termed as
Hydrophilic
What are the orphaned organelles from?
They are isolated from the endomembrane system
Active transport uses ATP to move components in parallel with their concentration gradient, that is: from high concentration to low concentration. (T/F)
False
Amino acids can be largely subdivided into two groups. What are the two groups?
Hydrophilic (polar), hydrophobic (non-polar)
It is a simple matter (I.e), thermodynamically favorable) for a vesicle to form from the ER. (T/F)
False
Draw a phospholipid and make sure the number of carbons are clearly identified
Explain how the vesicles are carried from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane
The Golgi apparatus makes a vesicle for proteins which travels on the micro tubule system then on the actin filament system to the plasma membrane (golgi apparatus makes vesicle, vesicle-> microtubule system-> actin filament-> plasma membrane
Explain the evolutionary origin on the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles
They are all believed to have formed from the invagination of the plasma membrane during the endomembrane system theory
Heterochromatin does not exist in interphase nuclei. (T/F)
False
The actin filament system is present in the nucleus. (T/F)
False
Chromosomes are made out of Euchromatin. (T/F)
False
Naked DNA does not exist in nature but scientists can make naked DNA in a test tube. (T/F)
True
What does the nucleosomal core have in it (I.e., the basketball like structure in the slides)
8 histones (2 H2A, 2 H2B, 2 H3, 2 H4)
Molecular motors run on which 2 cytoskeletal filaments?
Actin and microtubule filament systems have molecular motors
Consider the geography of cell. Actin filaments are present in the cell’s ___ and the microtubules are present in the cell’s __
Plasma membrane, interior
The diameter of an intermediate filament is 25 nm. (T/F)
False (10 nm)
Molecular motors use ATP as the energy source to power the molecular motors. (T/F)
True
To get into the nucleus a component has to have the correct signal sequence and pass through a nuclear pore. (T/F)
True
Which cytoskeletal filament system lines the inside of the nucleus to protect it
Intermediate filament system
Cilia and microvilli contain a similar number of parallel actin filaments. (T/F)
False
The actin filament extends outside of the cell. (T/F)
False
Where is the histone H1 found?
On the outside of the nucleosomal core protein “stapling” the DNA that’s wrapped around the protein to the protein
