Module 5 Flashcards
A __________ dissociates completely in water, while a __________ reaches an equilibrium state in solution, whereby some of it remains in the form of molecules while the rest has dissociated into ions.
strong acid; weak acid
In the generalized form of a reversible reaction involving conjugate acid/base pairs, the correct conjugate acid/base pairs are:
HA and A-; B and BH
What is the most correct form of the net balanced ionic equation for the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
H3O (aq) OH–(aq) → 2H2O(l)
An aqueous solution which contains a weak acid (such as CH3COOH) and the salt of its conjugate base (e.g., CH3COONa) is called a __________; its purpose is to __________.
buffer; resist large changes in pH
acid-base reactions involve…
the transfer of a hydrogen ion (H+) from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base), producing water and a salt
When equal molar quantities of acid and base are mixed, the resulting reaction is termed a ____
neutralization reaction
In a highly acidic aqueous solution, you would expect a molecule containing a carboxyl functional group to be __________; such a molecule would tend to be more soluble in __________ solvents.
protonated; nonpolar
What is defined as a loss of electrons, loss of hydrogen atoms, or gain of oxygen atoms?
oxidation reaction
what is defined as a gain of electrons, gain of hydrogen atoms, or loss of oxygen atoms
reduction reaction
The ____ agent is reduced, gains electrons, and causes oxidation
oxidizing agent
the ____ agent is oxidized, loses electrons, and causes reduction
reducing agent
If the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is [1.0 x 10-3], then the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution must be __________ and the pH of that solution is __________.
[1.0 x 10-11]; 3 - see page 278
In the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, an acid is a/an __________ while a base is a/an __________.
proton donor; proton acceptor
The correct formula for the ion product of water is:
(Kw) = [H3O ] x [OH-] = [1.0 x 10-7] x [1.0 x 10-7] = 1.0 x 10-14.
In a highly acidic aqueous solution, you would expect a molecule containing an amine functional group (e.g., an alkaloid) to be __________; such a molecule would tend to be more soluble in __________ solvents.
charged; polar
