module 5

Question 1

A law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a
parliament

Answer 1

legislation

Question 2

Protecting animals to benefit people vs. protecting animals for the sake of their mental and physical needs

Differing opinions and interpretations of science and ethics can lead to different laws around the world

Answer 2

ethics and the law

Question 3

a rule established in the community by authority or custom; a body of such rules

Answer 3

a law

Question 4

the rule or group of rules relevant to a particular topic

Answer 4

legislation

Question 5

a specific law passed by a legislative body

Answer 5

statute

Question 6

an act contrary to the law

Answer 6

offence

Question 7

a person accused of an offence in a court of law

Answer 7

defendant

Question 8

a person or body bringing an action in a court of law

Answer 8

plaintiff

Question 9

apply only to the relevant state where they are passed.

Answer 9

state laws

Question 10

are laws which apply across the country.

Answer 10

federal laws

Question 11

are local laws which are created and enforced locally.

Answer 11

by-laws

Question 12

means the initial document outlining
the law.

Answer 12

primary legislation

Question 13

gives more detailed provisions about
the subject than those contained within the primary legislation.

Answer 13

secondary legislation

Question 14

may be secondary legislation, but this will depend on the terminology used in that country.

Answer 14

regulations

Question 15

are guidelines written specifically for those who need to comply with the
legislation.

Answer 15

Guidance documents and codes of practice

Question 16

is good for that particular animal, the legislation may not specifically state anything relating to the animal’s welfare.

Answer 16

protecting species

Question 17

traditionally, laws about animals
have been prohibitive – they decree what you must not do.

Answer 17

banning activities

Question 18

will prevent or punish the occurrence of certain acts (hitting, kicking, burning, etc.) and the action usually has to cause the animal ‘unnecessary
suffering’ for it to be an offence.

Answer 18

Prohibiting cruelty

Question 19

for example, setting standards while farming for meat or fur, etc. These are usually minimum standards that prohibit the very worst conditions which are deemed by many to permit cruelty

Answer 19

Controlling methods of production

Question 20

these laws tend to be prescriptive
(i.e. state what a person must do) and so require positive action for the particular animal, usually specifying minimum
standards of care.

Answer 20

Improving animal welfare

Question 21

this is an example where the inclusion
of animals in legislation can actually be detrimental to animal welfare.

Answer 21

Improving public health

Question 22

some laws are passed regarding animal health in order to prevent the spread of diseases.

Answer 22

Improving animal health

Question 23

Compromises in _____ altering the original meaning and intention

Answer 23

wording

Question 24

Responsibility for enforcement spread between different government departments

Answer 24

lack of enforcement

Question 25

so that the public and some other specialist interest groups understand the issues and may be more willing to
support future legislation or higher prices to ensure animals are
protected.

Answer 25

public education

Question 26

is important in the long term, to
address questions of science, willingness to pay, etc., so that policy reflects the local situations and animals’ needs.

Answer 26

Government-funded research

Question 27

HERE A PERSON CAN BE FOUND GUILTY OF AN OFFENCE WITHOUT THE NECESSARY ‘GUILTY MIND’ (KNOWN AS MENS REA), SO COMMITTING THE ACT AMOUNTS TO A CRIME, REGARDLESS OF INTENTION.

Answer 27

STRICT LIABILITY OFFENCES