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BPK 110 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Are water molecules polar or non polar?

A

polar

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2
Q

Chronic dehydration can lead to what?

A
  • kidney damage : not enough water to help secrete waste products
  • seizures : electrolyte imbalance can compromise body’s electrical activity
  • hypovolemic shock : loss of a lot of blood or extracellular fluid
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3
Q

Genetic changes that have a negative impact on the activity of metabolizing alcohol result in what symptoms?

A

facial redness, nausea, sweating, dizziness, racing heart rate

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4
Q

High alcohol intake can significantly increase risk of what?

A

liver cirrhosis and cancers of the liver and digestive systems

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5
Q

How does the indigenous lens vary from western lens in terms of water?

A

western:
- important natural resource
- commodity
- used for industry, agriculture
- used by humans as a nutrient

indigenous lens:
- tied to our existence
- part of which we are
- has a life of its own
- “mothers life’s blood”

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6
Q

How long after drinking does a hangover occur ?

A

6+ hours after

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7
Q

How much of the human body weight is made up of water?

A

60-70%

2/3 found within cells (intracellular water)
1/3 found outside of cells (extracellular water)

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8
Q

How much of alcohol consumed is metabolized and eliminated at the liver ?

A

90%

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9
Q

What accounts for the majority of the body’s water?

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

What are congeners?

A

substances added during g fermentation process of alcohol

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11
Q

What are diuretics?

A

substances that promote water loss through urination

alcohol and caffeine are also diuretics (psychoactive drugs)

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12
Q

What are the 2 main mechanisms on preserving body water levels?

A
  • thirst response (body sensors indicate to the brain that the concentration of dissolved particles in the blood is high, meaning conc. of water is low)
  • kidneys (blood arrives at kidney, what is not excreted returns to body, kidneys decide what should be excreted, including water)
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13
Q

What are the enzymes responsible for metabolizing alcohol ?

A

alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase

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14
Q

What are the factors that affect level of intoxication ?

A
  • how much is consumes
  • how quickly alcohol is absorbed
  • size of individual
  • gender
  • genetic factors
  • type of alcohol consumes
  • menstrual cycle
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15
Q

What are the functions of water in the human body?

A
  • helps maintain structure in cells, humour of eye, synovial sacs, etc
  • solvent: other polar molecules dissolve in water which allows them to collide with other molecules that they might react with and move around freely
  • hydrolysis: reactions that use water to split larger molecules into smaller ones
  • defense from infections: water provides an environment for immune cells to fight off infection. water is the main component of mucus, which helps remove infectious agents
  • protection from injury: water in synovial fluid to protect joints. mucus lining of various structures, and water around brain and spinal cord.
  • temperature regulation: sweat evaporation to cool, blood shunted to skins surface to help promote sweating, lower internal temp .
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16
Q

What are the risks of consuming too much alcohol?

A

increase risk for cancers, liver cirrhosis, confusion, dementia, malnutrition, all cause mortality

17
Q

What are the sources of water for the body ?

A

liquids, foods, metabolism

18
Q

What are the steps of alcohol metabolism?

A

alcohol-> alcohol dehydrogenase : acetaldehyde -> aldehyde dehydrogenase : acetate -> acetyl CoA -> fatty acids : fat storage + citric acid cycle : ATP

19
Q

What are the symptoms of a hangover?

A

vomiting, tiredness, decreased attention, decreased concentration, stomach pain, disturbed sleep

20
Q

What are the symptoms of dehydration?

A

thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, irritability, dark urine

21
Q

What are the water recommendations ?

A
  • look for signs of dehydration, including thirst and darkened urine colour. when they occur, drinking water can reduce symptoms and complications
  • AI for water is 2.7 L/day for women and 3.7L/day for men
  • when excessive water is lost due to sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea, it is important to replenish both the lost water and electrolytes
  • consume alcohol in moderations as it has many negative mental, social, and physical effects
  • best remedy for a hangover is time
22
Q

What causes hangovers?

A

direct effect of alcohol, acetaldehyde buildup, congeners

23
Q

What is alcohol?

A

a psychoactive drug found in certain foods and beverages

24
Q

What is caffeine?

A

a compound found naturally in certain seeds, nuts, and leaves.

a form of diuretic but mainly used for stimulant effects

25
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

use of water in reaction to break down larger molecules into smaller ones

26
Q

What is hydrophilic? hydrophobic?

A

hydrophilic: attracted to water, polar
hydrophobic: not attracted, nonpolar

27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

movement of water towards charged particles. an effort to even out concentration differences.

28
Q

What is special about the whanganui river in new zealand ?

A

following a 140 year long lobbying effort, it was the first river in the world to be given the same legal rights as humans

29
Q

What is the aim of the decolonizing water project ?

A

creating a community based water governance system led by indigenous individuals and rooted in indigenous law

30
Q

What is water intoxication?

A

aka water poisoning, when water levels decrease the concentration of dissolved particles in the blood increases. (ex. hyponatrema)

symptoms: headache, confusion, personality changes, irritability, drowsiness.

typically due to excessive sweating that is replaced by water alone.

31
Q

Why is caffeine beneficial? what are the risks?

A

promotes alertness, reduces tiredness, disease reduction, antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties

increase risk of miscarriage and kidney stones

32
Q

Why might light to moderate drinkers have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to non drinkers?

A

alcohols ability to reduce formation of artery blocking blood clots and cholesterol.

33
Q

What temperature of the body does heat stroke occur at?

A

40 degrees or higher

BPK 110 (12 decks)

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