Module 5 Flashcards
What is illness behaviour?
is any activity undertaken by a person who feels ill
The first step of illness behaviour:
Initially, illness behaviour is aimed at determining what is wrong:
Physician visit
Self-diagnosis and treatment
Pharmacist’s advice
Lay referral system just ask friends or family (non-medical professionals)
After a diagnosis, illness behaviour……
Initial illness behaviour:
Talks to parent (or HCP) to discuss
Diagnosis of common cold made
Once diagnosis is made:
Withdrawal from usual activities (e.g. stay home from work/school)
Follow advice and treatment plan to get better
How are healthcare professionals involved in illness behaviour?
Rights:
Physical and personal intimacy with the patient
Initiation and direction of treatment
Autonomy in decision-making
Duties to the patient:
Self-regulation (ethics)
Attitudes:
- Collective orientation
-Universalism -
-Functional specificity -
- Affective neutrality
Why does the response to illness behaviour vary?
Patient factors
Disease factors
Treatment factors
Relationship factors
Patient factor examples:
- Frustration or anger e.g. poor wait times, bad experiences with professionals
- Fear and anxiety e.g. scared of the outcomes
- Feeling of damage e.g. Smoking, the damage is already done and do not want to quit
- Dependency - If a patient maintains autonomy, more adherent to therapy. Want to make sure people feel independent.
- Depression and loss of self-esteem - People are less motivated to take action to improve the problem
Disease Factors examples:
- Characteristics of symptoms
a) Degree of interference with normal function - if preventing daily activities, more likely to go seek healthcare
b) Clarity of symptoms - If disease is obvious, more likely gonna seek care
c) Tolerance threshold - If pain is severe, gonna seek care
d) Familiarity with symptoms - If first migraine, more likely to seek care
e) Assumptions of the cause
f) Assumptions of the prognosis
Treatment Factors
- Quality of available treatments
- Belief (or not) in medications
- Belief in other treatments
- Threshold for medication use
- Level of risk aversion
Relationship Factors
Respect and trust in the HCPs and system
Influences of family members
View of the pharmacist
Medical Health Model Definition
Absence of a disease or disability
WHO Health Model
State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or disability
- Achieving pt. centred care:
Respect
Choice and empowerment
Access and support
Information and education
Wellness Health Model
Health promotion through lifestyle changes and progress towards high functioning, energy, comfort, and integration of mind, body and spirit
Environmental Model
Adaptation to physical and social surroundings: a balance free from undue pain, discomfort or disability
Health Behaviour Definition
Any activity undertaken by an individual believing themselves to be in a state of good health for the purpose of preventing a disease or detecting it in an asymptomatic stage
The chance of someone engaging in a health behaviour is increased when:
1) Ready to take action
2) Benefits outweigh the barriers
3) Cue or stimulus exists
Health Belief Model - Define Perceived Susceptibility and the pharmacists role
- Beliefs about the chances of getting a condition
- Pharmacists role:
Define what populations at risk
Tailor risk info to individual
Help person develop accurate perception of personal risk
Health Belief Model - Define Perceived severity and pharmacists role
Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequences
Specify the consequences of a condition & recommended action
Health Belief Model - Define Perceived Benefits and pharmacists role
Beliefs about the effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk or seriousness
Expain how, where and when to take action and potential positive results
Health Belief Model - Define perceived barriers and pharmacists role
Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action
Offer reassurance, incentives, and assistance
Correct misinformation
Health Belief Model - Define cues to action and pharmacists role
Factors that activate readiness to change
Provide how to information, promote awareness, and employ reminder systems
Health Belief Model - Define self-efficacy and pharmacists role
Confidence in one’s own ability to take action
Provide training and guidance in performing action, use progressive goal setting, give verbal reinforcement, demonstrate desired behaviours
Stages of Change Model
Pirates can punch assholes mister
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Define Pre-contemplation and pharmacist role
Has no intention of taking action within the next 6 months
Increase awareness of need for change and resources available
Health Belief Model
Perceptions about susceptibility/severity
Benefits vs Barriers
Cues (Stimuli) to act
Self-efficacy:
Define Contemplation
Intends to take action in the next 6 months
Motivate, provide blanaced information, encourage specific plans
Define Preparation
Intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some steps in this direction
Developing and implementing concrete plans, setting gradual goals
Define Action
Has changed behaviour for less than 6 months
Feedback, support, reinforcement
Maintenance
Has chnaged the behaviour for more than 6 months
Coping, reminders, encouragement
