Module 1 Flashcards
Social Status
- refers to a person’s rank or social position in relation to others
- One’s relative importance in society.
- affects our capacity to act and make choices
Ethnicity
- Racial or ethic differences often used to create social divisions and discriminatory practices.
- Ethnicity is not a biological category; but rather a social category based on an arbitrary characteristic (e.g. skin colour)
- Racial discrimination and exclusion result in poorer health status and outcomes.
Gender
Gender refers to roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society attributes to females and males.
Education
- Increases employment oppurtunities
- Improves health literacy
- Equips people with coping skills
Higher Income
- More choice
- More easily obtain housing, appropriate nutrition, etc.
- Exercise more control over life
Socioeconomic Position
Social status, education, and income are all strongly associated with a person’s level of health, and are closely related.
Those with lower social position often lack the capacity to mitigate the health, social, and economic effects of diseases and injuries associated with socioeconomic positions
Social Capitol
- the capacity to mitigate issues through relationships, maintain them and form them, and use those relationships and benefit form them
- draw on people to help you in your situation
Social Cohesion
Sense of oneness. We are one as a society. Concept that we all share the same outcome. What happens to you, matters to me and vice versa.
SDOH Examples
Physical environment, working conditions, personal health practices
Biology
- Can influence but not guarantee good health
- Japanese children raised in LA had lower health than great grandparents in Japan
Coping Skills
The internal resources used to handle outside influences and pressures. The positive and negative ways we deal with a situation or problem.
- Dveloped in childhood
Child development
- Very important
- Poverty Cycle
- Healthy mother, healthy baby
Individual Choice in Health Promotion
- Pluralistic society that values individual choice
- Duty to Self
How to intervene?
Educate –> When lack of information is inhibiting individuals from behaving in their own best interests
Engineer –> redesingn or manipulate the environment to reduce risk and avoid harm to societal members
Enforce –> make rules and reguations regarding individual and collective behaviours
What option should be used to intervene?
- Least restrictive alternative
EDUCATION
When should we intervene?
- Individuals actions or actions are likely to adversely affect others
- Individuals are being mislead or subject to inappropriate persuasion
- Individuals indicate a desire to change but have difficulty doing so on their own
Health promotion Goal
Enable families, individuals and communities to increase control over their lives and improve their health
Health Promotion Strategies
Ottawa Charter
- Build healthy public policy
- Strengthen community action - Give communities greater control
- Develop personal skills
- re-orient health services - Team BAsed
Immunization
Passive - signage and pamphlets informing patients and others of health issues and risks
Pro-active –> Identify individuals at risk and groups from medication profiles
Convienience, patient uptake, cost-effective
Emergency Preparedness
- early recognition of unusual disease patterns (Change in OTC sales)
Family Planning Services
Information and refferral
Plan B, IUDS, etc
Abortificants
Prevent and control disease and injury
Prevention –> sale of Condoms to reduce STI’s
Behaviour Modification - Smoking cesstaion
Early Detection of Disease
Barriers in Pharmacy
- Physical design
- Lack of information/knowledge in public health
- Time Constraints
- Lack of reimbursement
HIV and PWI’s
- STOP JUDGING
- safer sex
- harm reduction (reduce adverese consequences without reducing consumption)
- Needle exchange
Safe injection sites
Methadone
Consuelling on safer sex practices
Methadone dispensing
Naloxone Kits
