module 5 Flashcards
parent strand/ template
Provide a platform for complementary base pairing to form a new duplex
daughter strand
newly synthesized strand of DNA 5>3; made by the addition of a nucleotide that is complementary to the parent strand of DNA
DNA polymerase I
Prokaryotic removed and replaced the primer
DNA polymerase III
Prokaryotic major replication polymerase
DNA polymerase alpha
Initiates replication by synthesizing primer
DNA polymerase beta
Replaces nucleotide in DNA repair
DNA polymerase epsilon
Major replication polymerase leading strand
DNA polymerase delta
Major replication polymerase lagging strand
primer
Short sequence of RNA that stabilizes the initial nascent daughter strand to parent strand
helicase
Separated duplex
RPA
Replication protein A
Single strand binding protein
Protect ssDNA
Prevent complementary base pairing
ssDNA BP
Used in bacteria
Protect ssDNA
prevent complementary base pairing
RFC
Replication factor c
Loads PCNA clamp
Used in eukaryotes
PCNA
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
DNA clamp loading structure
Works with RFC in eukaryotes
primase
Used in bacteria
Add __NTP primer
topoisomerase
Enzyme that breaks binds of double stranded DNA to unwind and release supercoiling and synthesize starts
flap endonuclease/ FEn
In eukaryotes
Works with RNAse to remove primers
lagging strand
synthetic direction away from the growing fork
leading strand
can be replicated continuously and polymerization of the new strand moves with the fork
okazaki fragment
Lagging strand synthesized in short units (prokaryotic)
beta clamp
Used in bacteria
Clamp loaders
telomerase
Enzyme that elongates telomeres at lagging strand to provide a template
Has TERT, TERC
Adds repeating sequence
After extension, recruits DNA pol alpha
reverse transcriptase
extends the telomere lagging strand; enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template
methyguanine methyltransferase
MGMT
Corrects alkylated guanine
Uses cystine residue to catalyze the reaction to methylate guanine
thymine dimer
Covalent bonding of adjacent thymines in DNA
caused by UV radiation
XPC
Functions to build scaffold that would have helicase and endonuclease activity
CSB
Works with XPC to recognize and repair DNA
Recognition protein
nucleotide excision repair
Fixes Large modifications covalently bonded to base intra cross link/ diners
base excision repair
Corrects small changes to DNA base
-Glycosylase recognize mismatch and flip it out, APE nicks one side of sugar and recruits phosphodiesterase to remove DNA sugar
-DNA pol beta adds new nucleotide
-last phosphodiester bond made by ligase
deamination
Loss of amine group
Replaced by oxygen to create free radical which is highly reactive
thymine glycol
when thymine is oxygenated twice and releases free radical oxygen which can impact the genome
thymine glycosylase
enzyme that targets and removes only thymine from sugar