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cell biology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

integrin

A

major transmembrane protein allowing a cell to attach to the ECM​

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2
Q

laminin

A

extracellular adhesive/attachment
glycoprotein
cross shaped molecule with several binding domains

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3
Q

lamin

A

structural protein found in nucleus

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4
Q

collagen

A

ECM structural support, high or low as needed by tissue
most abundant protein in body

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5
Q

fibronectin

A

adhesive/attachment

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6
Q

proteoglycans

A

protein polysaccharide complexes consisting of core protein strand with polysaccharide attachments
space filling, resist compression and provide cushion
acidic (sulfate groups) bind to cations and water

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7
Q

talin

A

attaches integrin to the actin cytoskeleton
key regulator of the communication between the actin cytoskeleton and the ECM

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8
Q

vinculin

A

attaches integrin to the actin cytoskeleton
key player in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions that build a strong physical connection for transmitting forces between the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and cell-cell connections

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9
Q

paxilin

A

protein
interact w talin and FAk
sends signals to nucleus

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10
Q

selectins

A

relys on calcium dependent binding

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11
Q

lectins

A

allows selectin to recognize a particular sugar moiety

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12
Q

focal adhesion kinase

A

groups of integrins form this contact point for adhesion

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13
Q

cadherins

A

glycoprotein that adheres cells together in the transmembrane
calcium dependent
tissue specific

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14
Q

catenins

A

alpha and beta involved in adheres junctions

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15
Q

IgCAMs

A

immunoglobulin family of cell adhesion molecules
proteins that bind to one another and some other adhesion molecules
calcium independent binding

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16
Q

plectin

A

protein that forms cross bridge with intermediate filaments for structure
Hemidesmosome

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17
Q

nexin

A

forms a bridge to link doublets (a and B tubules) together in flagella structure

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18
Q

actin

A

helical protein filament formed by polymerization of globular actin molecules

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19
Q

actinin

A
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20
Q

BP180

A

used in hemidesmosome
specialized adhesion protein

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21
Q

claudin

A

involved in tight junctions
paired with other proteins to form a barrier

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22
Q

occludin

A

tight junctions
ZO proteins adhesion proteins work with claudin on joining cell
in tissue

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23
Q

ZOs

A

cytosolic adhesion modules

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24
Q

JAMs

A

transmembrane protein used in tight jxns

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25
Q

microfilaments

A

solid filaments involved in contraction

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26
Q

microtubule

A

rigid tubes providing internal cellular support
heterodimer formed from alpha and beta tubulin, 13 heterodimer orient in circular fashion

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27
Q

cofilin

A

destabilize F-actin

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28
Q

profilin

A

appears to accelerate polymerization
F-actin

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29
Q

tropomyosin

A

fits in grooves of actin filament during contraction to allow binding with myosin

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30
Q

troponin

A

control of calcium binding
prevents binding when muscles fatigued, prevents actin-myosin interaction and occurs when calcium depleted in cell environment

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31
Q

Z-disk

A

actin and myosin can create a structural link to z-disk through anchoring structures
end of sarcomere

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32
Q

titin

A

anchoring structure that provides structural link to actin and myosin
connects to z disk and actin

33
Q

thymosine

A

binds to Actin-G to keep from polymerizing
G-actin

34
Q

ActA

A

actin nucleating factor secreted from listeria monocytogenes

35
Q

Arp2/3 complex

A

allows for actin branching in two mechanisms
1. can associate with the actin polymer and start
polymerization at the side
2. can join at the ATP-Actin growing end and start a
branched chain from each Arp sub-unit

36
Q

WASp

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
activates arp 2 and 3 complex

37
Q

dynein

A

retrograde- reversible on cell membrane
generate force and movement on microtubules

38
Q

kinesin

A

anterogade-motor protein
tetrameric protein 2 heavy and 2 light chains
heavy-head:contact with microtubule
stalk: provide flexibility for “walking”
light- small domains, provide attachment

39
Q

dynactin

A

binds to dynein
links motors to organelle or vesicle cargo
essential for motor activity

40
Q

kinectin

A

binds to kinesin
anchors translation elongation factor complex

41
Q

intermediate filament

A

structural support to other filaments
cross bridging with plectin
join end to end
strongest, and tetrameric protein (no polarity b/c 2 dimers in reverse orientation)

42
Q

ion channel

A

protein molecules that span across the cell membrane allowing the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other

43
Q

connexon

A

overall junction
channel junction to allow cells to share nutrients, balance ions, stress signals etc

44
Q

connexin

A

protein subunit, 6 different kinds to make up connexon
4 alpha helix spanning domains

45
Q

uniporter

A

facilitated diffusion, controls transport is a single molecule down a gradient (passive)

46
Q

symporter

A

facilitated diffusion, transport of 2 different molecules in same direction
semi active system

47
Q

antiporter

A

transport of 2 different molecules downgradient movement of one is coupled by the upgradient movement of the other
move in opposite directions
semi active

48
Q

hemidesmosome

A

disk shaped adhesion
specialized circular plectin structure in ecm
BP180
anchored to basal lamina

49
Q

p120

A

catenin protein
signal stress through this

50
Q

desmosome

A

disk shaped adhesion protein involved in are a type of specialized cadherins

51
Q

desmoglein

A

disk shaped adhesion proteins involved in desmosome

52
Q

desmoplakin

A

protein associated with desmosome cell-cell adhesion

53
Q

active transporter

A

single proteins
species traveling is ligant for transporter

54
Q

FRAP

A

fluorescent recovery after photo bleaching
-proteins labeled with fluorescent dye, this gives a measurement of fluorescence at certain wavelength
-cell is irradiated with laser to remove fluorescent properties from proteins in a localized area
-area is monitored and fluorescence returns to the area as a result of lateral migration of surrounding proteins into the area.

55
Q

hydropathy plot

A

predicts hydrophobicity of a short section of peptide, above certain values= most likely to be a transmembrane protein
used membrane spanning proteins

56
Q

protofilament

A

long row of alternating alpha and beta tubulin that is parallel to the microtubule

57
Q

aquaporin

A

regulate osmotic response
specialized leak channel
hydrophobic residue lined channel with a constriction from an aromatic R group. Key amino acids have charge and polarity for hydrogen bonding. ​

58
Q

lipid raft

A

complex structure made of cholesterol, proteins, phospholipid, and glycolipid
raft ensures that protein complex working in a particular pathway are in close proximity to each other
important in receptors that provide communication channels from E.C environment to messenger protein inside the cell

59
Q

signal tranduction

A

function of membrane
has receptors that recognize ligands and upon ligand binding send a signal to the inside of the cell

60
Q

phosphotidyl-phosphotidylserine

A

4-liver
7-red blood
2-mitochondria
composition of membrane

61
Q

phosphotidylethanolamine

A

7 liver
18- red blood
25-mitochondria
composition of membrane
acts as chaperone to help membrane structures correctly fold their tertiary stuctures

62
Q

phosphotidylcholine

A

24-liver
17-red blood
39-mitochondria
composition of membrane, regulates membrane physical properties

63
Q

sphingomyelin

A

19-liver
18-red blood
0-mitochondria

64
Q

liposome

A

spherical compartments made of bilipid membranes
can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cell during recombinant
used to deliver otherwise insoluble chemicals into cells
used as drug delivery vesicles for chemo-therapy

65
Q

integral proteins

A

penetrate the lipid bilayer
many are transmembrane proteins with both cytoplasmic and extracellular domains
cannot be released, channel forming, single or multi spanning

66
Q

myristilation

A

Myrstyl Anchor Amide link between amino and FA
type of hydrocarbon chain

67
Q

farnesylation

A

Farnesyl Anchor Thioether linkage with cysteine
type of hydrocarbon chain

68
Q

partition coefficient

A

solubility measurement of passing throughout a membrane
constrained by size
gasoline, wax

69
Q

simple diffusion

A

passive, non assisted through the membrane
high to low concentration
charge gradient

70
Q

passive diffusion

A

small size, high energy kinetic (gases)

71
Q

leak channels

A

hole in a membrane
passive diffusion
protein complexes, small size, low permeation, low energy/charge

72
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

passive/ transport mediated

73
Q

glycocalyx

A

oligosaccharide chains
protection
mediate cell interaction
serves as a barrier and contains cell secreted proteins which may be needed close to the cell surface

74
Q

basal lamina

A

sheet like layer of proteins that provide a layer of attachment for cells
surrounds muscle and fat cells
provides structural support for cells it lines

75
Q

alpha tublin

A

negative
GTP which is nonhydrolysable and not exchangeable

76
Q

beta tublin

A

positive
exchange GDP for GTP to activate polymerization

77
Q

treadmiling

A

polymerization at the ATP end and dissociation at the ADP end. Colifin serves enhance ATPase activity

78
Q

tropomodulin

A

capping structure in sarcomere
Provide anchoring or block one end to ensure polymers don’t disassemble

cell biology (5 decks)

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