Module 3 Flashcards
integrin
major transmembrane protein allowing a cell to attach to the ECM
laminin
extracellular adhesive/attachment
glycoprotein
cross shaped molecule with several binding domains
lamin
structural protein found in nucleus
collagen
ECM structural support, high or low as needed by tissue
most abundant protein in body
fibronectin
adhesive/attachment
proteoglycans
protein polysaccharide complexes consisting of core protein strand with polysaccharide attachments
space filling, resist compression and provide cushion
acidic (sulfate groups) bind to cations and water
talin
attaches integrin to the actin cytoskeleton
key regulator of the communication between the actin cytoskeleton and the ECM
vinculin
attaches integrin to the actin cytoskeleton
key player in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions that build a strong physical connection for transmitting forces between the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and cell-cell connections
paxilin
protein
interact w talin and FAk
sends signals to nucleus
selectins
relys on calcium dependent binding
lectins
allows selectin to recognize a particular sugar moiety
focal adhesion kinase
groups of integrins form this contact point for adhesion
cadherins
glycoprotein that adheres cells together in the transmembrane
calcium dependent
tissue specific
catenins
alpha and beta involved in adheres junctions
IgCAMs
immunoglobulin family of cell adhesion molecules
proteins that bind to one another and some other adhesion molecules
calcium independent binding
plectin
protein that forms cross bridge with intermediate filaments for structure
Hemidesmosome
nexin
forms a bridge to link doublets (a and B tubules) together in flagella structure
actin
helical protein filament formed by polymerization of globular actin molecules
actinin
BP180
used in hemidesmosome
specialized adhesion protein
claudin
involved in tight junctions
paired with other proteins to form a barrier
occludin
tight junctions
ZO proteins adhesion proteins work with claudin on joining cell
in tissue
ZOs
cytosolic adhesion modules
JAMs
transmembrane protein used in tight jxns
microfilaments
solid filaments involved in contraction
microtubule
rigid tubes providing internal cellular support
heterodimer formed from alpha and beta tubulin, 13 heterodimer orient in circular fashion
cofilin
destabilize F-actin
profilin
appears to accelerate polymerization
F-actin
tropomyosin
fits in grooves of actin filament during contraction to allow binding with myosin
troponin
control of calcium binding
prevents binding when muscles fatigued, prevents actin-myosin interaction and occurs when calcium depleted in cell environment
Z-disk
actin and myosin can create a structural link to z-disk through anchoring structures
end of sarcomere
titin
anchoring structure that provides structural link to actin and myosin
connects to z disk and actin
thymosine
binds to Actin-G to keep from polymerizing
G-actin
ActA
actin nucleating factor secreted from listeria monocytogenes
Arp2/3 complex
allows for actin branching in two mechanisms
1. can associate with the actin polymer and start
polymerization at the side
2. can join at the ATP-Actin growing end and start a
branched chain from each Arp sub-unit
WASp
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
activates arp 2 and 3 complex
dynein
retrograde- reversible on cell membrane
generate force and movement on microtubules
kinesin
anterogade-motor protein
tetrameric protein 2 heavy and 2 light chains
heavy-head:contact with microtubule
stalk: provide flexibility for “walking”
light- small domains, provide attachment
dynactin
binds to dynein
links motors to organelle or vesicle cargo
essential for motor activity
kinectin
binds to kinesin
anchors translation elongation factor complex
intermediate filament
structural support to other filaments
cross bridging with plectin
join end to end
strongest, and tetrameric protein (no polarity b/c 2 dimers in reverse orientation)
ion channel
protein molecules that span across the cell membrane allowing the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other
connexon
overall junction
channel junction to allow cells to share nutrients, balance ions, stress signals etc
connexin
protein subunit, 6 different kinds to make up connexon
4 alpha helix spanning domains
uniporter
facilitated diffusion, controls transport is a single molecule down a gradient (passive)
symporter
facilitated diffusion, transport of 2 different molecules in same direction
semi active system
antiporter
transport of 2 different molecules downgradient movement of one is coupled by the upgradient movement of the other
move in opposite directions
semi active
hemidesmosome
disk shaped adhesion
specialized circular plectin structure in ecm
BP180
anchored to basal lamina
p120
catenin protein
signal stress through this
desmosome
disk shaped adhesion protein involved in are a type of specialized cadherins
desmoglein
disk shaped adhesion proteins involved in desmosome
desmoplakin
protein associated with desmosome cell-cell adhesion
active transporter
single proteins
species traveling is ligant for transporter
FRAP
fluorescent recovery after photo bleaching
-proteins labeled with fluorescent dye, this gives a measurement of fluorescence at certain wavelength
-cell is irradiated with laser to remove fluorescent properties from proteins in a localized area
-area is monitored and fluorescence returns to the area as a result of lateral migration of surrounding proteins into the area.
hydropathy plot
predicts hydrophobicity of a short section of peptide, above certain values= most likely to be a transmembrane protein
used membrane spanning proteins
protofilament
long row of alternating alpha and beta tubulin that is parallel to the microtubule
aquaporin
regulate osmotic response
specialized leak channel
hydrophobic residue lined channel with a constriction from an aromatic R group. Key amino acids have charge and polarity for hydrogen bonding.
lipid raft
complex structure made of cholesterol, proteins, phospholipid, and glycolipid
raft ensures that protein complex working in a particular pathway are in close proximity to each other
important in receptors that provide communication channels from E.C environment to messenger protein inside the cell
signal tranduction
function of membrane
has receptors that recognize ligands and upon ligand binding send a signal to the inside of the cell
phosphotidyl-phosphotidylserine
4-liver
7-red blood
2-mitochondria
composition of membrane
phosphotidylethanolamine
7 liver
18- red blood
25-mitochondria
composition of membrane
acts as chaperone to help membrane structures correctly fold their tertiary stuctures
phosphotidylcholine
24-liver
17-red blood
39-mitochondria
composition of membrane, regulates membrane physical properties
sphingomyelin
19-liver
18-red blood
0-mitochondria
liposome
spherical compartments made of bilipid membranes
can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cell during recombinant
used to deliver otherwise insoluble chemicals into cells
used as drug delivery vesicles for chemo-therapy
integral proteins
penetrate the lipid bilayer
many are transmembrane proteins with both cytoplasmic and extracellular domains
cannot be released, channel forming, single or multi spanning
myristilation
Myrstyl Anchor Amide link between amino and FA
type of hydrocarbon chain
farnesylation
Farnesyl Anchor Thioether linkage with cysteine
type of hydrocarbon chain
partition coefficient
solubility measurement of passing throughout a membrane
constrained by size
gasoline, wax
simple diffusion
passive, non assisted through the membrane
high to low concentration
charge gradient
passive diffusion
small size, high energy kinetic (gases)
leak channels
hole in a membrane
passive diffusion
protein complexes, small size, low permeation, low energy/charge
facilitated diffusion
passive/ transport mediated
glycocalyx
oligosaccharide chains
protection
mediate cell interaction
serves as a barrier and contains cell secreted proteins which may be needed close to the cell surface
basal lamina
sheet like layer of proteins that provide a layer of attachment for cells
surrounds muscle and fat cells
provides structural support for cells it lines
alpha tublin
negative
GTP which is nonhydrolysable and not exchangeable
beta tublin
positive
exchange GDP for GTP to activate polymerization
treadmiling
polymerization at the ATP end and dissociation at the ADP end. Colifin serves enhance ATPase activity
tropomodulin
capping structure in sarcomere
Provide anchoring or block one end to ensure polymers don’t disassemble
