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BNAT > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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2
Q

Moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body

A

adduction

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3
Q

The surgical removal of part or all of a body part

A

amputation

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4
Q

A general term that refers to inflammation of the joints

A

arthritis

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5
Q

Weakening or wasting away of muscles

A

Atrophy

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6
Q

Rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, lend support to body structures, allow the body to move, and protect the organs

A

bones

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7
Q

Tiny sacs of fluid that are located near joints and help reduce friction

A

bursae

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8
Q

A condition in which the bursae become inflamed and painful

A

bursitis

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9
Q

The protective substance that covers the ends of bones and makes up the discs that are found between vertebrae

A

carilage

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10
Q

bending a body part

A

flexion

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11
Q

a broken bone

A

fracture

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12
Q

a doctors order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight on both legs and has no weightbearing limitations

A

full weight-bearing (FWB)

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13
Q

The points where two bones meet; provide movement and flexibility

A

joints

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14
Q

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and support the joints and joint movement

A

ligaments

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15
Q

groups of tissues that contract and relax, allowing motion, supporting the body, protecting organs, and creating heat

A

muscles

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16
Q

an inherited, progressive disease that causes a gradual wasting away of muscle, resulting in weakness and deformity

A

muscular dystrophy

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17
Q

a doctors order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs

A

non-weight-bearing (NWB)

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18
Q

a type of arthritis that usually affects weight-bearing joints, especially the hips and knees; also called degenerative joint disease

A

osteoarthritis

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19
Q

A condition in which the bones have reduced density, but not enough to be classified as osteoporosis

A

osteopenia

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20
Q

a condition in which the bones become brittle and weak, causing them to break easily

A

osteoporosis

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21
Q

A doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs

A

partial weight-bearing (PWB)

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22
Q

Pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated

A

phantom limb pain

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23
Q

warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated

A

phantom sensation

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24
Q

an artificial device that replaces a body part, such as an eye, hip, arm, leg, tooth, or heart valve; used to help improve function and /or appearance

A

prosthesis

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25
Q

a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful; movement is restricted and deformities of the hands are common

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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26
Q

a bandage or piece of material that is suspended from the neck for the purpose of holding and supporting a forearm

A

sling

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27
Q

tough fibrous bands that connect muscle to bone

A

tendons

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28
Q

a surgical replacement of the head of the femur (long bone of the leg) and the socket it fits into where it joins the hip with artificial materials

A

total hip replacement (THR)

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29
Q

a surgical replacement of a damaged or painful knee with artificial materials

A

total knee replacement (TKR)

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30
Q

A condition in which the macula degenerates, gradually causing central vision loss

A

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

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31
Q

the state of being excited, restless, or troubled

A

agitated

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32
Q

A progressive, degenerative, and incurable disease that causes proteins to build up in and around nerve cells, which results in memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes

A

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

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33
Q

A type of mental health disorder that causes a person to have mood swings and changes in energy levels and the ability to function

A

bipolar disorder

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34
Q

the part of the nervous system housed in the skull that is responsible for motor activity, memory, thought, speech, and intelligence, along with regulation of vital functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

A

brain

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35
Q

mental or physical exhaustion due to a prolonged period of stress and frustration

A

burnout

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36
Q

a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing vision loss

A

cataract

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37
Q

reacting to something in an unreasonable, exaggerated way

A

catastrophic reaction

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38
Q

part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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39
Q

a condition caused when the blood supply to the brain is cut off suddenly by a clot or a ruptured blood vessel; also called stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

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40
Q

the abiity to think clearly and logically

A

cognition

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41
Q

a type of psychotherapy that is usually short-term and focuses on skills and solutions that a person can use to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns; often used to treat anxiety disorders

A

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

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42
Q

a head injury that occurs from a banging movement of the brain against the skull

A

concussion

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43
Q

a belief in something that is not true or is out of touch with reality

A

delusion

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44
Q

a serious, progressive loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating

A

dementia

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45
Q

any behavior that disturbs others

A

disruptive behavior

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46
Q

in medicine, when a person with Alzheimer’s disease wanders away from a protected area and does not return on his own

A

elope

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47
Q

a disorder that causes recurring seizures

A

epilepsy

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48
Q

the ability to see distant objects more clearly than objects that are near; also called hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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49
Q

a condition in which the pressure in the eye increases, damaging the optic nerve and causing blindness

A

glaucoma

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50
Q

seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling things that are not there

A

hallucinations

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51
Q

a small device placed in the ear that amplifies sound

A

hearing aid

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52
Q

loss of vision in one-half of the visual field, due to CVA, tumor, or trauma

A

hemianopsia

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53
Q

collecting and putting things away in a guarded way

A

hoarding

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54
Q

a way to improve or change an action or development

A

intervention

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55
Q

uable to be reversed or returned to the original state

A

irreversible

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56
Q

unable to be reversed or returned to the original state

A

irreversible

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57
Q

a disorder of the inner ear caused by a buildup of fluid, which causes vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ear), and pain or pressure

A

meniere’s disease

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58
Q

the normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities

A

mental health

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59
Q

a disorder that disrupts a person’s ability to function in the family, home, or community and often causes inappropriate behavior

A

mental health disorder

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60
Q

a progressive disease in which the protective covering of the nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain breaks down over time; causes problems with balance, walking, and many other symptoms

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

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61
Q

the ability to see objects that are near more clearly than distant objects; also called myopia

A

nearsightedness

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62
Q

the basic nerve cell of the nervous system

A

neuron

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63
Q

a type of mental health disorder characterized by intrusive, repetitive thoughts or behaviors that cause anxiety or stress

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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64
Q

an infection in the middle ear that causes pain, pressure, fever, and reduced ability to hear

A

otitis media

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65
Q

walking back and forth in the same area

A

pacing

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66
Q

a type of mental health disorder characterized by panic attacks, which are repeated episodes of intense fear, along with physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, and an upset stomach

A

panic disorder

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67
Q

the loss of function of the lower body and legs

A

paraplegia

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68
Q

a progressive disease that causes a portion of the brain to degenerate; causes rigid muscles, shuffling gait, pill-rolling, mask-like face, and tremors

A

Parkinson’s disease

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69
Q

part of the nervous system made up of the nerves that extend throughout the body and connect to the spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

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70
Q

the repetition of words, phrases, questions, or actions

A

perseveration

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71
Q

an intense, irrational fear of or anxiety about an object, place or situation

A

phobia

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72
Q

a type of mental health disorder caused by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event

A

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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73
Q

something that continually gets worse or deteriorates

A

progressive

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74
Q

a method of treating mental health disorders that involves talking about one’s problems with mental health professionals

A

psychotherapy

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75
Q

the loss of function of the legs, trunk, and arms

A

quadriplegia

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76
Q

type of therapy that encourages people with Alzheimer’s disease to remember and talk about the past

A

reminiscence therapy

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77
Q

type of group therapy that promotes self-esteem, self-awareness, and socialization for people with Alzheimer’s disease

A

motivation therapy

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78
Q

going through items that belong to other people

A

rummaging

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79
Q

a type of mental health disorder that may involve acute episodes; affects a person’s ability to think, communicate, make decisions, and understand reality

A

schizophrenia

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80
Q

a type of mental health disorder characterized by excessive anxiety about social situations; also called social phobia

A

social anxiety disorder

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81
Q

the part of the nervous system in side the vertebral canal that conducts messages between the brain and the body and controls spinal reflexes

A

spinal cord

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82
Q

the repeated use of legal or illegal substances in a way that is harmful to oneself or others

A

substance abuse

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83
Q

a condition in which a person becomes restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or night

A

sundowning

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84
Q

a situation that leads to agitation

A

trigger

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85
Q

giving value to or approving

A

validating

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86
Q

a type of therapy that lets people with Alzheimer’s disease believe they are living in the past or in imaginary circumstances

A

validation therapy

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87
Q

forceful actions that include attacking, hitting, or threatening someone

A

violence

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88
Q

walking aimlessly around the facility or facility grounds

A

wandering

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89
Q

the inhalation of food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs

A

aspiration

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90
Q

weakening or wasting away of muscles

A

atrophy

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91
Q

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

A

body mechanics

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92
Q

medications used to control a person’s mood or behavior

A

chemical restraint

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93
Q

the process of burning

A

combustion

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94
Q

the permanent and painful shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament that can restrict movement

A

contracture

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95
Q

blue or pale skin and/or mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in the blood

A

cyanosis

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96
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

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97
Q

easily ignited and capable of burning quickly

A

flammable

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98
Q

collecting and putting things away in a guarded way

A

hoarding

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99
Q

the delivery of medication, nutrition, or fluids through a person’s vein

A

intravenous therapy

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100
Q

acronym for use of a fire extinguisher stands for

A

PASS-pull-aim-squeeze-sweep

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101
Q

any method, device, material, or equipment that restricts a person’s freedom of movement

A

physical restraint

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102
Q

acronym for steps taken during a fire; stands for

A

RACE-rescue-activate-contain-extinguish

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103
Q

a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior

A

restraint

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104
Q

measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restraint

A

restraint alternatives

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105
Q

an environment in which restraints are not kept or used for any reason

A

restraint-free care

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106
Q

sheet that provides information on the sage use and hazards of chemicals, as well as emergency steps to take in the event chemicals are splashed, sprayed, or ingested

A

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

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107
Q

burns caused by hot liquids

A

scalds

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108
Q

the stoppage of breathing from a lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body; may result in unconsciousness or death

A

suffocation

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109
Q

the act of moving or walking, with or without an assistive device

A

ambulation

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110
Q

to sit up with the legs hanging over the side of the bed in order to regain balance

A

dangle

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111
Q

the science of designing equipment, areas, and tasks to make them safer and to suit the worker’s abilities

A

ergonomics

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112
Q

semi-sitting body position in which a person’s head and shoulders are elevated 45 to 60 degrees

A

fowler’s

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113
Q

body position in which a person is lying on either side

A

lateral

114
Q

moving a person as a unit, without disturbing the alignment of the body

A

logrolling

115
Q

special equipment used to lift and move or lift and weigh a person; also called hydraulic lift

A

mechanical lift

116
Q

the act of helping people into positions that promote comfort and health

A

positioning

117
Q

the way a person holds and positions his body

A

posture

118
Q

body position in which a person is lying on his stomach, or front side of the body

A

prone

119
Q

rubbing or friction resulting from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction

A

shearing

120
Q

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

121
Q

body position in which a person is lying on his left side with the upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest

A

Sims

122
Q

body position in which a person is lying flat on his back

A

surpine

123
Q

a belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to help people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated to stand, sit, or walk

A

transfer belt

124
Q

Exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by a resident with some assistance from a staff member

A

active assisted range of motion (AAROM)

125
Q

Exercise to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by a resident himself, without help

A

active range of motion (AROM)

126
Q

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

127
Q

special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled perform activities of daily living

A

assistive devices

128
Q

bending backward

A

dorsiflexion

129
Q

straightening a body part

A

extension

130
Q

bending a body part

A

flexion

131
Q

weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that interferes with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally

A

foot drop

132
Q

extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion

A

hyperextension

133
Q

touching the thumb to any other finger

A

opposition

134
Q

devices applied externally to limbs to support, protect, improve function, and prevent complication

A

orthotic devices

135
Q

exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by a staff member, without the resident’s help

A

passive range of motion (PROM)

136
Q

doctors who specialize in rehabilitation

A

physiatrists

137
Q

turning downward

A

pronation

138
Q

exercises that put a joint through its full arc of motion

A

range of motion (ROM)

139
Q

care that is managed by professionals to restore a person to the highest possible level of functioning after an illness or injury

A

rehabilitation

140
Q

care given after rehabilitation to maintain a person’s function and increase independence

A

restorative care

141
Q

turning the joint

A

rotation

142
Q

turning upward

A

supination

143
Q

AFO

A

Ankle Foot Orthotic

144
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a condition in which bones loose density, cause them to be brittle and easily broken. caused by one or a combination of lack of calcium in diet, loss of estrogen, lack of exercise, reduced mobility, or agee. More common in women after menopause. signs and symptoms are low back pain, loss of height, fractures, and stooped posture

145
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

also called degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a condition in which the cushiony cartilage that rests btwn the bones and pads the ends of the bones begins to slowly erode. cartilage also loses elasticity. without the padding of the cartilage, the bones bein to rub together causing pain, redness, swelling, stiffness, and limited motion

146
Q

Cartilage

A

ends of movable bones are covered with a flexible protective substance called cartilage that allows free joint movement. also found in the nose

147
Q

Rolled bath blankets or towels that prevent the hip and leg from turning outward

A

Trochanter rolls

148
Q

Something used to keep bed covers from resting on the resident’s legs and feet

A

Bed cradles or foot cradles

149
Q

Keeps hips in proper position after hip surgery

A

Abduction pillows/wedges/splint/pads

150
Q

Cloth-covered or rubber grips that keep the hand and/or fingers in a normal, natural position. Help prevent finger, hand, or wrist contractures

A

Handrolls

151
Q

Stuffed devices made of terry cloth or a similar material that keep the fingers separated. They help prevent contractures of the thumb or fingers

A

Finger cushions

152
Q

Padded protectors wrapped around elbows to help prevent rubbing, irritation, and pressure injuries

A

Elbow protectors

153
Q

Devices applied externally to a limb for support and protection. They keep the joints in the correct position and are used to improve function and prevent complication, such as contractures.

A

Orthotic devices

154
Q

What are the goals of range of motion exercises?

A

To decrease or prevent contractures and atrophy, increase circulation, and improve strength and movement

155
Q

What do backrests, regular pillows or wedge shaped foam pillows do?

A

Provide support and comfort and maintain proper body alignment

156
Q

Padded boards or pillow like devices placed against the residents feet to keep them properly aligned.

A

Footboards

157
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Care used to restore a person to her highest level of functioning possible after an accident, illness, or injury. Revolves around person-centered care, holistic care.

158
Q

Physiatrists

A

doctors who specialize i rehabilitation

159
Q

Device used to help with balance. Must be able to bear some weight on both legs, even if one leg is weaker

A

Cane, cane held on stronger side

160
Q

Type of device that is applied externally to a limb for support and protection

A

Orthotic device

161
Q

When a resident used a cane, walker, or crutches, on which side should the NA stay?

A

Weaker side

162
Q

Which type of cane has four rubber tipped feet

A

quad cane

163
Q

A type of cane that is straight with a curced handle at the top and rubber tipped bottom to prevent slipping

A

C Cane

164
Q

Residents who have paralysis are at a higher risk of injury from

A

Heat and Cold

165
Q

Weakness on one side of the body

A

Hemiparesis

166
Q

Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses

A

Emotional Lability

167
Q

Warning sign of a cerebrovascular accident

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

168
Q

Tendency to ignore a weak or paralyzed side of the body

A

One-sided neglect

169
Q

Difficulty communicating through speech or writing

A

Expressive aphasia

170
Q

Caused by a blockage of the blood supply to the brain or a leaking or ruptured blood vessel with the brain

A

CVA Cerebrovascular accident

171
Q

Difficulty understanding spoken or written words

A

Receptive aphasia

172
Q

What controls and coordinates all body functions. Also senses and interprets information from outside the body

A

nervous system

173
Q

two main parts of the nervous system are the

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

174
Q

the peripheral nervous system consists of

A

the cranial and spinal nerves

175
Q

What makes up the central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

176
Q

What does the ear provide

A

balance and hearing

177
Q

The nervous system provides

A

nerve message centers for heartbeat and respiration

178
Q

What are the sense organs that are part of the nervous system

A

skin, tongue, nose, eyes, and body sense organs

179
Q

Elastic bandages should be wrapped in what direction

A

Far to Near

180
Q

what side to you start with when dressing with someone with an affected side

A

weaker side first

181
Q

Disorder that causes pain, fatigue, sleep problems ,problems with thinking and memory, and depression

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

182
Q

Method of treating fractures that keeps bones in the proper position by using weight and pulleys

A

Traction

183
Q

5 parts of the musculoskeletal system

A

muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments

184
Q

an extra sheet placed on top of the bottom sheet to help prevent skin damage caused by shearing

A

draw sheet

185
Q

when transferring a resident who has a stronger side and a weaker side the NA should

A

Move stronger side first

186
Q

When assisting with eating of a resident recovering for CVA always place food in the

A

unaffected, stronger side of the mouth

187
Q

how many bones in the body

A

206

188
Q

fracture that is still in the body

A

closed fracture

189
Q

how do you hold cast

A

with the palm of hand

190
Q

leading cause of disability

A

stroke

191
Q

3rd leading cause of death

A

stroke

192
Q

what do you keep track of when someone is having a seizure

A

check time started and how long it continues

193
Q

when do you need a person in SIM’s position

A

enima and rectal temp

194
Q

how to reposition someone?

A

in a straight line

195
Q

support weak body parts, prevent or correct deformities or prevent joint movement. Ankle, knee or back braces are common

A

Braces

196
Q

carry messages to and from the brain from the rest of the body

A

Nerves

197
Q

helps with conscious movement of the skeletal system

A

somatic nervous system (SNS)

198
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

conserve body’s energy and provide for relaxation of the body and activate the body’s fight-or-flight response.

199
Q

Right hemisphere in the cerebrum controls

A

Movement and activities of left side

200
Q

what controls reasoning, memory, consciousness, speech, vision, hearing, sensation.

A

Cerebral cortex

201
Q

what controls Long term memory
Planning
Attention
Reward
Reaches maturity at age 25

A

Frontal lobe

202
Q

What controls hearing, speech, auditory processing

A

Temporal lobe

203
Q

What controls vision and visual processing

A

occipital lobe

204
Q

What controls Spatial processing
Knowledge of numbers
Manipulation of objects
Integration of sensory information

A

Parietal lobe

205
Q

what controls Planning, controlling and executing voluntary motor functions

A

Motor Cortex

206
Q

what controls Perception
Body position
Temperature
Touch

A

Somatosensory cortex

207
Q

What Controls and coordinates body movements

A

cerebellum

208
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12 pairs

209
Q

How many spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

210
Q

Disease affecting the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain.
Leading cause of disability in adults
Third leading cause of death
Can occur suddenly
Causes- Ruptured blood vessel, embolus

A

Stroke

211
Q

Most common stroke
Blood supply is blocked

A

Ischemic stroke

212
Q

Symptoms of Stroke

A

Sudden weakness/numbness on face, arm, leg on one side of body

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, slurred speech, dysphagia

Sudden trouble seeing, severe headaches

Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, facial drooping

213
Q

Aphasia

A

inability to speak

214
Q

Temporary lack of oxygen in the brain

Tingling, weakness or some loss of movement an arm or leg

Warning sign of stroke

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

215
Q

Cause: Neurons in the brain that produce dopamine begin to break down and die

Treatment: drug therapy, surgery

A

Parkinson’s Disease

216
Q

Signs of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Tremors

Muscle rigidity

Propulsive gait/shuffling gait

Stooped posture

Pill rolling

Slurred speech

217
Q

patient does not lose consciousness, one part of body jerk, only a part of brain is involved.

A

Partial seizure

218
Q

whole brain is involved, tonic phase- lose consciousness, if standing or sitting, person falls to the floor. All muscles contract at the same time, body is rigid. In clonic phase, muscle groups contract and relax causes jerking and twitching movements. Confusion and headache may occur when awakened.

A

generalized seizure

219
Q

lasts few seconds, loss of consciousness, twitching of eyelids and staring

A

petit mal

220
Q

Progressive disease

Impulse transmission disruption

Loss of myelin

A

Multiple Sclerosis

221
Q

Symptoms of…. are Numbness, tingling
Muscle weakness
Fatigue
Tremors
Blurred or double vision
Poor balance
Difficulty walking

A

Multiple sclerosis

222
Q

Care of MS person

A

Prevent falls
Be patient with self-care and movement, offer support and encouragement as symptoms change
Offer rest periods
ROM
Report s/s of pressure ulcer, depression, UTI, and contracture, try to provide a stress-free environment.

223
Q

CNA’s role of patient with spinal injury

A

Turn resident every 2 hours

ROM

Bowel and bladder retraining

Encourage deep breathing and coughing

Listen to the resident

Allow independence
Assist with ambulation to prevent falls.

*For one-sided neglect, remind residents about weaker side of body.

*Always place food in the unaffected side of the mouth.

*Observe for swallowing problems.

*Encourage fluids and proper nutrition.

224
Q

different positions

A

Fowlers- HOB is 45-90 degree angle

Support head and arms with pillows

Prone- Lying on stomach

Side lying( Lateral)- need 4 pillows

225
Q

Bed should be flat

Head and shoulders are supported on a pillow

Arms and hands are supported on a pillow

A

supine position

226
Q

It helps the body to balance without causing muscle or joint strain.

*The lungs are able to expand and contract.

*Blood circulation is more efficient.

*Digestion is easier.

A

When body is in alignment

227
Q

For men- upper body.

Women- Thigh, use upper arms, hips, thighs, shoulder for moving and lifting heavy objects.

Good body posture- let the body move and function with strength and efficiency

A

Base of support

228
Q

Lifting by 1 person

A

Raise the person’s head by locking arms with person

The person’s near arm is under the nursing assistant’s near arm and behind the shoulder

The nursing assistant’s far arm is under the person’s shoulder.

The person is raised to a semi sitting position

229
Q

Lifting by 2 people

A

Two nursing assistants lock arm with the person

The nursing assistant have their far arm under person’s head and shoulder.

The nursing assistant raise the person to a sitting up position

230
Q

Moving by 1 person

A

Ask person to flex the knees

Explain that you will move on the count of 3

Nursing assistant’s body weight is shifted from rear leg to front leg as person is moved up in bed

231
Q

Moving with lift sheet

Place lift sheet under the person from head to above the knees. Se this for unconscious , paralyzed, or recovering from spinal cord injuries.

A

Roll the sides of the lift sheet close to the person

Grasp the rolled-up sheet firmly near the shoulders and buttocks.

Slide the person on the count of 3.

232
Q

Moving by 2 people

A

Ask person to flex knees and move up on count of 3

Stand on the opposite side of the bed from your helper. Each of you should be turned slightly toward the head of the bed. For each of you, the foot that is closest to the head of the bed should be pointed in that direction.

Stand with your feet about shoulder-width apart. Bend your knees. Keep your back straight.

Roll the assist device up to the resident’s side. Have your helper do the same on her side of the bed. Grasp the device with your palms up at the resident’s shoulders and hips. Have your helper do the same

Return bed to its lowest position. Remove privacy measures. Leave call light within the resident’s reach.

233
Q

Moving person in segments

A

Cross the person’s arm over the chest

Place your arm under persons shoulder and other arm under mid back and move the upper part toward you

Place your arms under the waist and thighs and move the midsection

Place your arms under thighs and calves and move the legs

234
Q

Moving person away from you

A

Move the person to the side near you

Cross the arms over the chest and cross the leg near you over the far leg

Place one hand on the persons shoulder and the other on the buttock near you

Push the person gently toward the other side

235
Q

Moving person toward you

A

Place one hand on person’s far shoulder and the other on the far hip

Roll the person toward you gently

Place pillows under head and neck

Position upper leg in front of lower leg

Support upper leg and thigh with pillows

Place pillow under upper hand, arm (small) and against back

236
Q

the upper body is sitting nearly straight up (between 60 and 90 degrees).

A

High fowlers position

237
Q

the upper body is not raised as high (30 to 45 degrees).

A

Semi-Fowler’s position:

238
Q

The Trendelenburg and Reverse Trendelenburg are positions that always require a doctor’s order.

A

Trendelenburg may be used for a resident who has gone into shock and has low BP

239
Q

Make sure the bed is flat

Move the person as a unit to one side- use turning sheet

Place pillows between knees

Both nursing assistants stay on the same side and roll the person as one unit.

Place a pillow under the resident’s head to support the neck during the move.

Place the resident’s arms across his chest. Place a pillow between the knees.

Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Bend your knees.

Grasp the assist device on the far side

Gently roll the resident toward you. Turn the resident as a unit.

Reposition resident comfortably in proper alignment. Unroll the draw sheet and leave it in place for the next repositioning.

A

log rolling

240
Q

what are the Guidelines for ROM

A

Exercise in an organized manner

*Support the joint being exercised

*Move joint smoothly and gently

*Do not force a joint beyond its present ROM

*Do ROM 3 times on each joint

241
Q

why do people use walking aids

A

To support the body

*For safety of patient

242
Q

device Used for weakness on one side of body.

*Provide balance and support

*Hold cane at strong side of body

A

cane

243
Q

how do you use cane

A

move cane forward 6-10 inches, weak leg is moved forward with the cane, the strong leg is moved forward in front of the cane and the

244
Q

4 point walking aid

*Give more support than cane

*Walker is moved 6 inches in front of person

*The person moves weak leg and foot and then strong side and foot to the walker

A

walker

245
Q

what moves first with walker

A

move weak first so that they can stand on strong

246
Q

how to use wheel chairs

A

Go backwards down ramps. Turn chair around before entering elevators.

*To move resident to back of chair, stand in front of the wheelchair. Bracing your knees against the resident’s knees, the resident grasps armrests and pushes with feet into the floor.

247
Q

Stretcher transfer

A

Bed height should be equal to or slightly above the height of the stretcher. Move the stretcher safety belts out of the way.

Two workers should be on one side of the bed opposite the stretcher. Two more workers should be on the other side of the stretcher.

Each worker should roll up the sides of the assist device and prepare to move the resident. Protect the resident’s arms and legs during the transfer.

248
Q

Nursing assistant with special training in restorative nursing skills and rehab

A

Restorative aide

249
Q

What are functions of skeletal system

A

Protection( Skull, ribcage)

Support( Framework)

Leverage

Storage of minerals

Production of blood cells

250
Q

What to long bones do

A

bare weight - leg

251
Q

what do short bones do

A

allows movement (wrists, fingers, ankle)

252
Q

what do flat bones do

A

protect organs

253
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrae in spinal column

254
Q

what are the types of joints

A

Ball and socket joint- Movement in all directions

Hinge joint-Movement in one direction

Pivot joint-Allows turning from one side to another

255
Q

What are the functions of muscles

A

Movement of body parts

Maintenance of posture

Production of body heat

256
Q

what are voluntary muscles

A

controlled by individual

257
Q

what are involuntary muscles

A

work by themselves without any thought or action

258
Q

Human body has over 300 muscles

Tendons connect muscles to bones

40% of your body weight is in muscle

30 muscles in the face

Eye muscles –movement occurs more than 100,000 times per day

A

facts
Human body has over 300 muscles

Tendons connect muscles to bones

40% of your body weight is in muscle

30 muscles in the face

Eye muscles –movement occurs more than 100,000 times per day

259
Q

Effects of aging

A

Loss of muscle strength and tone

Paralysis-Loss of voluntary movement

Atrophy-Wasting of muscle tissue

Contractures- Lack of joint mobility,permanent shortening of muscles from disuse, causing deformities

260
Q

Why does Paralysis happen

A

due to damage to brain or spinal cord. Flexor extensor activity, prevention with ROM exercises.

261
Q

what are the Effects of aging

A

Bones lose calcium, causing them to become porous and brittle.

*Height is gradually lost due to shrinkage of space between the vertebrae in the spine.

*Loss of muscle mass in the body causes weight loss. Joints are less flexible and stiffer, which slows normal body movements and decreases range of motion.

262
Q

what are Age -related disorders

A

Scoliosis- S curve to spine

Kyphosis-Hunchback

Osteoarthritis-Degeneration of joints

Osteoporosis

Fractures

263
Q

Scoliosis and kyphosis are abnormal curvatures of spine

A

Osteoarthritis- deterioration of joint cartilage. Signs are aching, stiffness, limited motion, treatments are pain meds, heat, cortisone injections and joint replacement.(hip. Knee) Arthritis- inflammation of joints. RA and DJD.RA- affects the joimt tissue and lining. It can happen at any age. Autoimmune si the cause.have exacerbations and remissions, joints hot to touch.

264
Q

Ostoearthritis-

A

affects the cartilage covering the end of bones that from the joint. Cartilage break down and bones rub together causes pain and deformity.

265
Q

Gouty arthritis-

A

metabolic disease that can be severly disabling. Increased uric acid which deposits in the joints. It affects mostly feet and legs. Signs are constant pain, tenderness, swelling in the joints.

266
Q

Osteoporosis

A

loss of calcium in bones, leading porous, brittle bones and fractures. Fractures commonly occurs at hip. Wrist, vertebrae in elderly due to falls and osteoporosis.most common in elderly females. Fracture can occur when they are walking, moving of lifting them

267
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Hereditary, progressive disease in which muscle tissue is destroyed and muscles atrophy

*Symptoms: muscle weakness, stiffness, twitching of the hands and arms

*Cause: specific gene in the body

*Generally appears at birth or during childhood

*There is currently no cure.

268
Q

Loss of calcium in bones leads to porous brittle bones and eventually to fracture

Most common in elderly females

Be careful with lifting/ moving

Need to do weight bearing exercises

A

Osteoporosis

269
Q

when the membrane goes completely the joint become fixed and don’t move. Stiffness, swelling, pain etc. autoimmune inflammatory disease. Virus or bacteria can be the source of problem.

A

rheumatoid arthritis

270
Q

CNA’s responsibility for arthritis

A

Perform ROM

Be gentle

Avoid moving joints past the point of resistance

271
Q

types of fractures

A

Closed –The skin is closed, bone is in proper position and has not dislocated

Hairline –The skin is closed, fine line crack on X-ray, and has not dislocated

Open-The skin is open, bone may come through opening

272
Q

signs of fracture

A

Limited movement

Unable to move

Edema

Bruising

Pain

Bleeding

273
Q

to reduce pain, swelling, and further injury until emergency help arrives

A

RICE
Rest – Putting any weight on the injury could cause more harm.

*Ice – Ice can help prevent or reduce swelling. The skin should always be protected when using ice.

*Compression – Elastic bandages can be used to compress the injured area, hold the extremity in place, and reduce discomfort.

*Elevation – This can also help prevent or reduce swelling.

274
Q

What is cast care

A

Support cast with pillows, slings

Check for pressure on nerves

Check circulation

Check stains, odor, or itching

Always support the cast when turning or repositioning, use trapeze to assist with moving, odor or drainage shows infection, if cast edges are rough, cover with tape. Wheel chair with elevated legs are used, cover cast with plastic during bathing, keep small objects from getting inside the cast, compartment syndrome occurs when pressure within muscles builds up , prevents blood and oxygen reaching muscles and nerves.

275
Q

what is traction care

A

Keep the person in good body alignment

Keep weights off the floor

Do not add or remove weights

Position the person as directed

Provide ROM

276
Q

what is nursing care after hip fracture

A

After surgery

   1.Correct positioning, exercise, good nutrition

   2. Observation of circulation, incision, pressure sores

   3. Do not adjust traction
277
Q

after hip surgery what is the care

A

Abductor pillows, wedges to keep hips apart, very important when they are turned on the side., don’t change the weight on traction

Avoid moving patient, avoid excessive movement-worsen injury, . Surgery are open reduction, internal rotation

The patient should not flex hip more than 90 degree, don not cross legs- dislocation of hip occurs., do not internally rotate hip on the affected side. Don’t’ do PROM, have limited weight bearing on that leg.

Follow care plan exactly.

*Follow orders regarding positioning and elevation of head of bed.

*Never perform ROM exercises on side of hip replacement without orders from nurse.

*Assist with dressing, starting with weaker side.

*Apply anti-embolic stockings as ordered.

Use adaptive devices.

*Ask resident to use handrails in shower.

*Ask nurse for pain medication prior to moving and positioning.

*Assist with coughing and deep breathing exercises.

*Encourage fluids.

Never rush resident.

*Keep often-used items in easy reach.

*Report incisions that are red, draining, bleeding or warm; increase in pain; fever or other change in vital signs; numbness or tingling; edema (swelling) of the legs.

278
Q

what is knee replacement care

A

Apply special stockings to prevent blood clots.

*Do not perform special exercises unless trained and ordered.

*Assist with coughing and deep breathing exercises, as ordered.

*Assist with coughing and deep breathing exercises as ordered.

Encourage fluids.

*Ask nurse for pain medication prior to moving and positioning.

*Report incisions that are red, draining, bleeding or warm; an increase in pain or a burning sensation, especially on the operated side or in the calves; fever or other change in vital signs.

Report numbness or tingling; edema (swelling) of the legs; cyanosis or pale skin; problems with appetite; constipation; resident not following the doctor’s orders for exercise and activity; or reduced mobility in the extremity.

279
Q

CNA’s role after amputation

A

Pillows cannot be used under the limb.

Apply stump stockings

Place the seam of the socks outside to prevent abrasion

Prosthesis need to be removed before going to bed

Use warm water and soap to clean the stump area

280
Q

Physical, psychological and economic aspects.fecal impaction, constipation, fecal incontinence are pprevented.self care is the amin goal. Bathing, oral hygiene, elimination, eating, dressing, moving about are ADL’s. sometimes hands, wrists and arms are affected. Eating devices like, glass holders, silverware with curved handles, electric toothbrush, longer handle attached to combs, brush, sponges etc. page 650-651.Some people need wheel cahirs, cane, walker, they need to know how to transfer themselves from bed to w/c and from w/c to bed, toilet, bathtub by themselves with a sliding board. Person may use prosthesis, exercise are taught to stroke patients of how to swallow food. Speech therapy recommended for aphasia patient.

A

CNA Roles

281
Q

Principles of rehab

A

Early treatment (E)

Activity strengthens (A)

Stress abilities not disabilities (S)

Treat the whole person (T)

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