chapter 4 and 5 biology Flashcards by DesRoberts Family

what are the facial bones

14 bones of the skull
maxillae
palatines
zygomatic
lacrimal
nasal
inferior nasal conchae
vomer
mandible

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what are the concentric rings of bone matrix with lacuna between them

lamella

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bone marrow that is the site of blood cell production

red marrow

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one of the principal contractile found in muscle; makes up the thin filaments

actin

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interlocking joint formed by the intersection of the two parietal bones at the midline of the skull

sagittal suture

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movement of foot achieved by moving the sole of the foot medially

inversion

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bone marking in the occipital bone allowing the spinal cord to attach to the brain stem; literally means large hole

foramen magnum

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ankle bone; articulates with the tibia and calcaneus; allows plantar flexion

talus

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the area separating the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior aspect of the proximal femur

intertrochanteric line

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the smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one z disc to the next z disc

sarcomere

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bone that does not fit the long, short, or flat categories; mainly spongy bone with outer layers of compact bone

irregular bones
hip
vertebra

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One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thick filaments

myosin

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the cuplike cavity on the lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur; formed by fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones

acetabulum

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repair tissue formed during bone remodeling “splint” composed of cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen fibers

fibrocartilage callus

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spinal curvatures in the cervical and lumbar regions that develop after birth

secondary curvatures

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circular movement of a body part

circumduction

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plate of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis of a long bone that allows for growth in length

epiphyseal plate

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the process of bone formation

ossification

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composed of actin and regulatory proteins

think filaments

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myosin filaments

thick filaments

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curved flat bones that articulate with vertebrae posteriorly and may also articulate with the sternum or costal cartilage anteriorly; ribs help form the bony thorax

ribs

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the smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one z disc to another

sacromere

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lateral bony projection that originates at the vertebral arch; occur in pairs, one on each side

transverse process

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creatine phosphate

a compound that transfers a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP in muscle fibers

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triangular bone of the pectoral girdle that articulates with the clavicle and humerus

scapula

elongated shaft of a long bone

diaphysis

paired facial bones that fuse to form the upper jaw and articulate with other facial bones except the mandible

maxillae

the C2 bone and the bone marking that is a pivot point for shaking the head no

axis -C2 vertebrae and dens is marking point

air filled spaces within the sphenoid bone that are lined with mucous membrane and serve to lighten the skull

sphenoidal sinuses

a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings

acetylcholine ACh

contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells

myofibrils

refers to same tone the muscle shortens as it contracts and movement occurs

isotonic contraction

hyaline cartilage coverage the epiphysis of a bone at a joint

articular cartilage

movement that increases the angle of a joint

extension

air filled spaces within the maxillae on either side of the nasal cavity that are lined with mucous membrane; help lighten the skull

paranasal sinuses

splint of spongy bone that replaces fibrocartilage callus during bone remodeling

bony callus

inferior projection lateral to the vertebral foramen where a vertebra articulates with the vertebra below

inferior articular process

the structural and functional unit of compact bone; Haversian system

osteon

most anterior bone of the hip the pubis from each hip bone that meets to articulate at the pubic symphysis

pubis

one of the seven bones that form the ankle and heel

tarsal bone

respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broke down entirely water carbon dioxide and large amounts of ATP are the final products

aerobic respiration

a little depression or space in bone or cartilage lucunae are occupied by these cells

lucuna

primary curvatures

spinal curvatures in the thoracic and sacral areas that are present at birth

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

osteoclast

the location of thin filaments in a sacromere

I band light

location of thick filaments myosin in a sarcomere

A band dark

thigh bone; articulates with the hip bone and the tibia and patella at the knee

femur

a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue

fascicle

bone marrow that stores adipose tissue, fat

yellow marrow

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

sarolemma

specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cekks tat stores and releases calcium during muscle contraction

sarcoplasmic reticulum

large flaring bone of the hip the most superior bone on the pelvis

ilium

the first cervical vertebra articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and the second cervical vertebra (axis)

atlas

ankle bone articulates with the tibia and calcaneus allows plantar flexion

talus

bone forming cells

osteoblasts

incomplete bony basin formed by the two coxal bones and the sacrum

pelvic girdle

interlocking joint formed at the intersection of the two parietal bones with the frontal bone

coronal suture

lateral forearm bone; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus at the elbow and the carpals distally

radius

bone marking in the occipital bone allowing the spinal cord to attach to the brain stem literally means large hole

foramen magnum

a sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle

epimysium

neck bone suspended by ligaments does not articulate with any other bone

hyoid bone

lateral bone of the leg

fibula

modified ER that stores and releases calcium

sarcoplasmic reticulum

movement where sole of foot turns laterally

eversion

hamstring group

biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus

region on a muscle fiber that contains ACh receptors

motor end plate

main theory of muscle contrction

sliding filament theory

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

motor unit

neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction

acetylcholine

what is the peripheral nervous system composed of

nerves and ganglia

what is a bundle of neuron fibers (axon)

nerve

how many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain

12pairs

what is the main parasympathetic nerve

vagus (CN X)

Where do the cranial nerves arise from

brain

where to the spinal nerves arise from

spinal cord

how many paris of mixed nerves on spinal cord

31 pairs

What carry both sensory and motor fibers

spinal nerves