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CMB - Midterms > Module 4A - Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Module 4A - Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Two main types of membrane transport proteins.

A

Transporters and channels

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2
Q

A group of protein transporters that utilizes the electrochemical potential (membrane potential) to transport molecules across the membrane bilayer.

A

SLC transporters

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3
Q

A type of protein transporter that uses the hydrolysis of ATP to move molecules across the membrane bilayer.

A

ABC transporters

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4
Q

The movement of ions are dictated by the:

A

Concentration gradient

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5
Q

Types of molecules that can diffuse directly to the lipid bilayer without the aid of transport proteins or channels.

A

Hydrophobic molecules/Lipid soluble molecules

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6
Q

Molecules with the lowest permeability and needs the aid of transport proteins to move in and out of the cell.

A

Ions

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7
Q

Factors that affect permeability

A

Size and hydrophobicity

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8
Q

Proteins that transfer solutes, specific molecular species, or a class of molecules.

A

Membrane transport proteins

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9
Q

Transport proteins that binds and conforms to the shape of the molecule it transports. Capable of reversible conformation changes.

A

Transporters

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10
Q

Transport of molecules downhill using the difference in concentration gradient.

A

Passive transport

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11
Q

Movement of uncharged molecules are based on the:

A

Concentration gradient

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12
Q

This is where the movement of charge molecules across the electrochemical gradient of the cell from the extracellular matrix relies on.

A

Membrane potential

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13
Q

A type of active transport that uses the energy stored in concentration gradients.

A

Coupled transport

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14
Q

Active transport pump that uses the hydrolysis of ATP to move molecules against the electrochemical gradient.

A

ATP-driven pump

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15
Q

Protein pumps that use the energy from light to move molecules across the membrane bilayer.

A

Light/redox-driven pumps

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16
Q

A transporter protein that carries only one single solute.

A

Uniporter

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17
Q

Coupled transport protein that moves a molecule and a co-transported ion towards the same direction.

A

Symporters

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18
Q

Transport protein that move a molecule depending on the transport of a secondary molecule and harvests the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient.

A

Couple transporters

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19
Q

Coupled transport protein that facilitates the transfer of two molecules in opposite directions.

A

Antiporters

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20
Q

Channels in the lipid bilayer that facilitates the movement of water molecules.

A

Aquaporins

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21
Q

The solute and binding sites are located _______ through the transport protein.

A

Midway

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22
Q

Four classes of ATP-driven pumps

A
  1. P-type pumps
  2. ABC transporters
  3. V-type pumps
  4. F-type pumps
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23
Q

Also known as ATP synthase, it uses the H+ gradient to synthesize ATP.

A

F-type pumps

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24
Q

A type of ATP-driven pump that move small molecules with the aid ATP hydrolysis

A

ABC transporters

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25
Q

Pump that moves molecules using the phosphorylation from ATP.

A

P-type pumps

26
Q

ATP-driven pump that is made from multiple different subunits

A

V-type pumps

27
Q

Intracellular storage of Ca2+ in muscle cells.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

Protein transport pump that pumps out Ca2+ outside of the cell.

A

Ca2+ ATPase (Calcium pumps)

29
Q

What is the effects of pumping Ca2+ into the cytosol?

A

Muscle contraption

30
Q

10 transmembrane α-helices are connected to what three(3) cytosolic domains.

A
  1. Nucleotide-binding domain
  2. Phosphorylation domain
  3. Activator domain
31
Q

First found in bacteria, it contains highly conserved ATPase domains that brings together two different domains.

A

ABC transporters

32
Q

What is the importance of the sodium-potassium pump?

A

Regulates cytosolic pH levels; creating electric potential

33
Q

Connects the cytoplasm of two different cells

A

Gap junctions

34
Q

Channels that facilitate the transport of inorganic ions

A

Ion channels

35
Q

Transporter protein that is associated with antigen processing.

A

TAP transporter

36
Q

A narrow pore that allows water molecules to move rapidly and traverse the membrane in a single file.

A

Aquaporins

37
Q

Regulates the flow of ions or molecules, opening briefly and closing again in response to specific stimuli.

A

Gated ion channels

38
Q

Different types of gated channels

A
  1. Voltage-gated
  2. Ligand-gated (intra and extra)
  3. Mechanically gated
39
Q

Gated ion channel that activates due to a change in the membrane potential and facilitates active electrogenic pumping and passive ion diffusion.

A

Voltage-gated channels

40
Q

Selectivity filter that is present in voltage-gated channels.

A

Pore helix

41
Q

Neuromuscular disorder caused by voltage-gated Na+ channels in skeletal muscle cells

A

Myotonia

42
Q

A condition that occurs when the Na+ or K+ channels in the brain dysfunctions, causing the neurons to fire more faster than normal.

A

Epilepsy

43
Q

Voltage-gated channels contains __ identical transmembrane subunits that forms a central pore through the membrane.

A

Four

44
Q

When K+ ions pass through the selectivity filter, it loses almost all of its bound __________________

A

Water molecules

45
Q

Causes the titling of K+ channels inner helices

A

Closed K+ channels

46
Q

Mechanosensitive channels that are capable of responding to mechanical forces. Found in the bacterial plasma membrane.

A

Mechanically gated ion channels

47
Q

Receives, conducts, and transmits signals

A

Neurons

48
Q

Changes in the electrical potential across the neuron’s plasma membrane.

A

Action potential/Nerve impulse

49
Q

Responsible for generating action potentials and depolarization of the plasma membrane.

A

Voltage-gated cation channel

50
Q

Photosensitive ion channels that covalently bound retinal groups.

A

Channelrhodopsins

51
Q

Increase the rate at which the axon can conduct an action potential.

A

Myelination

52
Q

Two types of glial cells that form the myelin sheets.

A

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

53
Q

Little leaks of neuron transmission current can leak from:

A

Axons

54
Q

Neuronal signals are transmitted at:

A

Synapses

55
Q

Ion channels and feature at fast chemical synapses

A

Ionotropic receptors

56
Q

G-protein coupled receptors that bind to all other neurotransmitter.

A

Metabotropic receptors

57
Q

neuromuscular transmission involves the sequential activation of ________ different sets of ion channels

A

Five

58
Q

Open cation channels, influx of Na+ or Ca2+; firing an action potential.

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

59
Q

Flow of synaptic neuronal signals across the neuron.

A

Presynaptic cell – synaptic cleft – postsynaptic cell

60
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheets that aid in the rapid conduction of nerve impulses

A

Nodes of Ranvier

CMB - Midterms (5 decks)

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