Module 4 - Proteins Flashcards
The central atom
Carbon
Carbon can be in a form of a
Ring or a chain
Carbon has how many valence electrons
4 valence electrons
Carbons are highly stable T OR F
True
Main element used in biomolecules
Carbon
Single chemical unit that creates polymers
Monomers
Creation of polymers in via
Dehydration synthesis
Biomolecule units that can be broken down into monomers
Polymers
Bread down into monomers is via
Hydrolysis
A biochemical process forms a larger molecule by
removal of water
Removal of a water molecule
Dehydration reaction
Dehydration reaction forms a
Larger molecule
The reverse process of dehydration reaction
Hydrolysis reaction
The break down of larger molecule to smaller molecule is by
Adding a water molecule
Hydrolysis is essential for
- Digestion
- Metabolism
- Nutrient absorption
Found and used by all living
Biomolecules
4 classifications of biomolecules
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic Acid
- Lipids
How can we say that a molecule is organic
Includes a carbon atom
Most abundant macromolecule
Protein
Building block of proteins
Amino acids
Protein structure of an amino acid
central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (NH₂), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and a side chain (R group)
Guves an amino acid its unique property
R GROUP
Links the amino acids together to form protein
Peptide bond
Where is peptide bond formed
between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.
Linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide chain
Primary structure
Folding patterns of a polypeptide chain such as alpha helix and beta sheet
Secondary structure
Overall 3D shape of a protein determined by interactions between amino acid side chains
Tertiary structure
Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein complex
Quaternary structure
What are the intermolecular forces used in stabilizing protein structures
- Hydrogen bonds
- Ionic or salt bridges
- Van der Waals forces
- Disulfide bonds
What does hydrogen bond stabilize
Secondary structures like alpha helices and beta sheets
What happens through ionic interactions in stabilizing protein structure
Charged amino acid side chains can interact with each other
What does Van der Waals forces stabilize
Tertiary and quaternary structures of protein
Disulfide bonds can form between
Sulfur atoms of two cysteine residues
Function of protein: catalyze chemical reactions to sped up
enzyme or catalsts
Function of protein: muscle movement like actin or myosin
Motion
Function of protein: protect the body from pathogens
Defense
Function of protein: regulate gene expression and cellular process
Regulation
Function of protein: transport molecules across cell membranes
Transport
Function of protein: provide structural support to tissues
Support
Function of protein: store nutrients and amino acids
Storage