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Phase 3a > Module 4 Paediatrics > Flashcards

Module 4 Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Measles signs

A

CCCK

Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza, Kolpik’s spots

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2
Q

Slapped cheek

A

Eythema infectiosum
Parvovirus
worse in adults with heamoglobinopathies

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3
Q

Coxsackie

A

hand-Foot and mouth disease

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4
Q

Primary herpes simplex

A

aka Herpes stomatitis
Cold sore
Eczema herpeticum around eyes

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5
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Staph toxin mediated erythroderma

H.Influenza and staph cause peri-orbital cellulitis

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6
Q

Beta-hemolytic strep

A

significant redness and scaling

Erysipelas - scalded looking

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7
Q

Strep throat

A

Strawberry tongue
Red spots except around mouth and nose
This is scarlet fever
Streptococcus treated using penicillins

Make sure rash isn’t mistaken for antibiotic allergy.

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8
Q

Fungal skin infections

A 
•	Tinea capitis
•	Tinea (ringworm)
•	Corporis
•	Unguium
•	Cruris
•	Pedis
Ammoniacal Nappy rash – differentiate by crease sparing and lack of satellite lesions – They indicate Candida. Also in mouth and mother’s nipples
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9
Q

Congenital toxoplasmosis

A 
Low birth weight
Retinal lesions
Microcephaly
Lesions
Nerve deafness
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10
Q

Urticaria

A 
Looks like nettle stings
Causes by heat/cold – 2-5mm
If IgE mediated response more concerning
Can be caused  by a virus/Bacteria
Papular/cholinergic – exercising child
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11
Q

Strawberry mark

A

Cavernous haemangioma

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12
Q

Port-wine stain

A

Capillary haemangioma

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13
Q

Most common childhood RTI

A

RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus) (90% in first winter)

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14
Q

Normal baby fluid volume

A

150ml/kg/day

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15
Q

Causes of underfeeding

A

Malabsorption

underfeeding

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16
Q

Separating CMPT to CMPA

A

CMPA involves vomiting and blood in vomit/faeces

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17
Q

When is early weening?

A

4 - 6 months

18
Q

Normal neonatal jaundice

A

1 day - 2 weeks, unless preterm in which case2 weeks can result from fluid loss.

19
Q

Investigations in suspicious fracture

A

Skeletal survey
CT head
blood screen
Ophthalmoscopy

20
Q

Sign of silent reflux

A

Back arching

21
Q

infantile spasms are caused by…

A

Steroids

vigabatrin

22
Q

Types of Left to Right shunt in CHD

A

ASD
VSD
AVSD
PDA

23
Q

ASD signs and symptoms

A

Asymptomatic when younger
Fixed and widely split S2
Systolic murmur in pulmonary area

24
Q

What causes the symptoms in ASD?

A

Right heart failure due to overload

25
Q

PDA presentation

A 
Preterm
Poor feeding
FTT
Tachypnoea
Active precordium, thrill, galloping rhythm
easily palpable femoral pulse

Classical Continuous machinery murmur in pulmonary area

Hepatomegaly and oedema

26
Q

Classic PDA sign

A

Continuous machinery murmur in pulmonary area

27
Q

VSD signs and symptoms

A

May be asymptomatic until pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen
poor feeding
FTT
Tachypnoea
Active precordium, thrill, galloping pulse

pan-systolic murmur heard in LLSE - transmits to upper sternal edge and axillae

Hepatomegaly and oedema

28
Q

AVSD Signs and symptoms

A

If large, no murmur
Can rapidly lead to pulmonary vascular disease
Poor feeding, FTT, tachypnoea

Active precordium, thrill, gallop rhythm

Hepatomegaly, pulmonary oedema

Murmur arises from valvular regurg, rather than septal defect itself

29
Q

Common CHD in trisomy 21

30
Q

management of L-R shunt conditions

A

Increase calorie intake
NG feeds, Diuretics, ACE-i
occlusion, either surgical or catheter

31
Q

Types of stenotic CHD

A

Coarctation of the Aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Aorta stenosis

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of coarctation of the Aorta

A

Weak femoral pulses - especially compared to brachials

Difference in pre- and -post ductal saturations
Older children have a murmur across the back if collaterals develop

If ductus arteriosus closes/is closing, baby collapses/is acidotic

33
Q

Aortic stenosis signs

A

Weak pulses
Palpable thrill in suprasternal region and carotid area
Ejection systolic murmur in aortic area
If critical - acidotic and collapsed

34
Q

Pulmonary stenosis signs

A

ES murmur in LUSE
If pulmonary branch stenosed, radiates to the back
Right ventricular heave if severe

35
Q

Cyanotic heart conditions

A

Transposition of the great arteries

Tetralogy of Fallot

36
Q

Signs of Transposition of great arteries

A

Cyanosis
Acidosis
collapse/death as FO closes

37
Q

Transposition of great arteries management

A

atrial septostomy at birth. followed by correction of arteries within 1 week to prevent right heart overload

38
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot Comprises of…

A

Pulmonary artery muscular thickening

VSD

RV Hypertrophy (deoxygenated blood into left ventricle and aorta)

Over-riding of the Aorta ( shifted right)

39
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot features

A

Cyanosis
collapse
acidosis

possible 22 q deletion

40
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot management

A

When hyper cyanotic - propanol, BT shunt

surgical repair - 6-9 months

Phase 3a (13 decks)

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