Module 2 Neurology Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What causes drug induced parkinsonism

A

D2 - antagonists - like haloperidol

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2
Q

What can help drug induced parkinsonism

A

Anticholinergics - like Benzatropine

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3
Q

Acute consequence of D2 antagonists

A

Acute dystonia/dyskinesia

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4
Q

Consequence of long term anti-psychotic drugs

A

Tardive dyskinesia

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5
Q

Differences between NMS and malignant hyperthermia

A

NMS presents over 1-3 days
MH presents over mins-hours

NMS occurs with neuroleptic anti-psychotics such as haloperidol
MH is caused by inhaled anaesthetics or neuromuscular blocking agents

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6
Q

Tell tale signs of cardiac flow obstruction induced seizure

A

positionally or exceptionally induced

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7
Q

Tell tale sign of contralateral frontoparietal cortex

A

Focal motor/sensory symptoms

Affective/ cognitive symptoms

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8
Q

Tell tale sign of temporal lobe seizure

A

Sensation of fear
de ja vu
gustatory/olfactory hallucinations

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9
Q

Diffuse CBS disfunction is indicative of

A

Presyncope

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10
Q

Brief post-ictal confusion is indicative of…

A

Generalised seizure

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11
Q

Is urinary incontinence specific to seizure type?

A

No, syncope or seizure

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12
Q

What does lateral tongue biting indicate?

A

Highly specific to generalized tonic clonic seizure

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13
Q

Aspects of Benign febrile convulsions

A

2-5% of children aged 0.5-5 yeas
During first day of febrile illness

Last less than 10-15 mins
Lacks focal features - 2/3 have 1, 1/10 have 3+

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14
Q

Systemic causes of seizures

A
Hypoglycaemia 
Hyponatraemia
Hypocalcaemia
Uraemia
Hepato-encephalopathy
Drug overdose
Hyperthermia
Global cerebral ischaemia
Hyperthermia
Eclampsia
Hypertensive encephalopathy
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15
Q

Treatment of eclamptic seizures

A

Magnesium Sulfate - not phenytoin

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16
Q

Focal seizures managament

A

Carbamazepine of Lamotrigine

Not tolerated? Levetiracetam
oxcarbazepine

17
Q

GTC seizures treatment

A

Sodium valproate in boys/men
Lamotrigine - although not in Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Clobazam in girls as an adjuvant

18
Q

Absence seizures treatment

A

Ethosuximide to women/girls

Ethosuximide or Sodium Valproate to men/boys

19
Q

Myoclonic seizures treatment

A

Sodium Valproate

Levetiracetam or topiramate in girls/ women

20
Q

Infantile spasms treatment

A

Steroid

Vigabatrin

21
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

22
Q

Initial management of acutely rising ICP

A

100 ml 10% mannitol

23
Q

Management of seizure over 10 mins

A

IV benzo - midazolam because short acting

24
Q

Chronic refractive head pain

A

Topirimate

25
Intubation BCS score
8 or best motor response is flexing
26
Dorsum of foot and dorsiflexion impacted
L5
27
Ankle, lateral aspect of foot and plantar flexion affected
S1
28
Thumb, bicep and bicep jerk affected
C6
29
Middle finger, tricep and tricep jerk affected
C7
30
most common myelopathy
disc-osteophyte cord compression