Module 4: Management Flashcards
What is management? 🧵
The process of coordinating work activities so that they get done efficiently and effectively with and through other people.
Who is Frederick Taylor and what did he do? 🧵
in 1909 published The Principals of Scientific Management which focused on optimizing the way work is done: The one “best” way to complete a task
What are the 4 Principals of Scientific Management? 🧵
🧵Overall Concept: Finding the right people, to do the right job, in the right way. 🧵
1. Study work process to decide which is the best way to perform tasks.
2. Assign jobs based on workers abilities and motivation.
- Managers use their time to plan, organize, and train workers to do tasks more efficiently.
- Managers monitor workers and provide training, instruction, and supervision
Classic Schools of Management
Focus on Total Organization: standardized processes, bureaucracy, and hierarchy.
Who was Max Weber and what are the 4 characteristics of his method ?
Introduced the idea of bureaucracy as defined by 4 characteristics:
1. A well-defined chain of command with trained managers
2. Division of labor based on skills.
3. Promotions based on competence.
4. Complete records and written rules, procedures, and regulations
***Bureaucracy manages workers based on knowledge, experience, and expertise
Who is Henry Fayol and what are the 14 Principals of Management?
(1-7)
The Father of Modern Management Theory because he proposed general management principals that can be used in all fields.
1. Division of Work: Dividing jobs into tasks and assigning works to perform
2. Authority and Responsibility: Authority comes with certain responsibilities
3. Discipline: Employees must respect and obey their superiors
4. Unity of Command: Every employee must receive instructions from only one manager
5. Unity of Direction: If there is a project there must be a single person in charge and a single plan
6. Subordination: Individual interests are secondary to the general interest
7. Remuneration: Wages must please both employee and organization
14 Principals of Management?
(8-14)
- Centralization: The dispersion of authority given to managers throughout the organization
- Scalar Chain: Rank of authority that specifies the route through which info is communicated.
- Order: All employees and processes have an appointed place
- Equity: Managers must treat employees with equity(fairly and impartially) using kindness and justice.
- Stability of Tenure & Personnel: Managers reducing employee turnover.
- Initiative: Managers must take initiative
- Esprit de Corps: Emphasis on teamwork using effective communication
What did Mary Parker Follett bring to the table?
Integrate the individual efforts of employees into a synergistic whole using two-way communication and adapting to situations verses using “one-best way” to complete a task.
What is the difference between Scientific Management Theories and Classic Management Theories? 🧵
Scientific Management Theories focus on productivity of the individual while Classic Management Theories focus on the focus on total organization- how it should be structured and controlled.
The Behavior/Human Relations School of Management
4.1.1.3
What is the Hawthorne Effect
Scientists who were studying how changes in environment found that the employees were actually more productive BECAUSE they were being studied and watched.
What was Chester Barnards thoughts? 🧵
Developed the idea of “Informal Organization” which stressed effective communication and improved coordination among employees were essential.
What about Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?🧵
Came up with two-factor theory or the motivator-hygiene theory.
Motivation Factor:
*Job factors result in job satisfaction and cause them to want to do a job (motivator)
Hygiene Factor:
*Job factors that prevent dissatisfaction like good working conditions or environment(hygiene).
🧵While negative hygiene factors cause job dissatisfaction, positive hygiene factors do satisfy basic employee needs, but provide no effect on motivation. (Think Guardian)
THE MODERN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
4.1.1.4- Focus on Knowledge work, Management by Objectives and EQ
Who is Peter Drucker and what 4 things did his ideas emphasize? 🧵
Father of Modern Management🧵
1. Decentralization
2. Knowledge Work (creating value thru information)
3. Management by Objectives
4. SMART: A goal achievement process
What are the 5 Basic things that Peter Drucker said managers should do to be leaders?
- Set Objectives
- Organize
- Motivate and Communicate
- Measure
- Develop People
Tom Peter’s book “In Search of Excellence”
9 things page 244
What are the 5 Stages of the Business Life Cycle? 🧵
- Launch
- Growth- Challenges
- Shake-Out : Growth slower due to market saturation
- Maturity : Growth decrease and competition increase
- Decline or Renewal : Sales decline and exit market while others reinvent themselves
What is Contemporary Management? 🧵
Blends all schools to respond to unique forces of today’s workplace. Focuses on bringing out the best in diverse and mobile workforce. Managing constant change due to technology.
What is Business Disruption? 🧵
Organizations are being forced to evolve in order to remain relevant.
What are 8 forces that are greatly effecting todays job organizational design and dynamics?
- Info is power and everyone is connected
- The speed of technological development is increasing
- Change is rapid and constant
- Technology, competition, and social and economic systems are global
- The workforce is fluid and diverse (virtual and contingent (contracted) workers growing)
- Organizations have switched from hierarchies to teams
- Customers expect : Customization, convenience, and speed
- Organizational structures and processes are constantly evolving
Old-Style versus New-style Organizations 🧵
page 249
What is a “super job?”
When an employee combines their traditional role with technology
What is a “Unicorn?” 🧵
A start-up company that reaches a billion dollar valuation within a few years of opening their doors.
What are 3 business models that are adding to Disruption? 🧵
- Operating models that harness the power of social networking: Uber, airbnb, & FB
- Unicorn start ups
- The “Gig” Economy: workforce defined by freelancing, short-term engagements, temporary contracts and independent contracting.
Understanding a Business Organization’s Culture 🧵
To Understand culture you must be able to observe and adapt to prevalent values, norms, customs, and behaviors.
Look at:
1. Interpersonal Communications
2. Interactions
3. Mindset
4. Workplace Climate
Page 251 and 252
🧵True or False:
Management is a completely different concept than Leadership?
False.
Leadership and management are not separate and distinct from one another. It is not an either or.
You should manage and lead at the same time.
What is Leadership and what is Management? 🧵
Leadership is influencing others to achieve the organizations goals and deliver its vision.
Truth: Leadership skills can be developed
Management is about accomplishment: performance and productivity, keeping people on track and on target.
Comparison Chart Management vs. Leadership 🧵
* Chris said know for exam*
Pg 256 in study material
What are 3 different Leadership approaches? 🧵
Situational: The situation determines who becomes the leader of the group
Group Approach: Leaders emerge based on the ability to meet the needs of the group
Blended Approach: Action-Centered Leadership- Where the leader has 3 rolls:
1. Achieve the task
2. Build and maintain an effective team
3. Develop the skills of the team
What are the 3 things that a leader needs to establish to get the team to commit to an end goal? 🧵
- Vision- A positive image of where are we going?
- Mission- The path to get there
- Values- Why are we going there?
Beliefs and ideals shared by the team members creating shared culture & identity like fairness, innovations, trust, and participation.
Leadership is or does….
(5 things)
- Adaptive- flexible
- Empowers inspires confidence and self-esteem in themselves & others
- Recognizes the contributions of others
- Fosters creativity
- About solving problems
What is Credibility and what is the key to having it?
Credibility is my greatest asset to be able to motivate people and TRUST is the key to achieving it.
As trust is essential for building credibility, what are 6 attributes and actions I can use to build trust with my co-workers?🧵
RSRHAC
1. Reliability and follow through- know expectations of others
2. Support- People like those who like and support them.
3. Respect- Good manners, allowing people privacy, & valuing others time
4. Honesty- Words and deeds are aligned
5. Accountability- Take responsibility for your actions, including mistakes
6. Composure- Keeping your cool when things go wrong.
What is Self-Awareness as a Manager? 🧵
Self-Awareness allows the best managers to walk the tight rope of leadership, projecting confidence while being humble enough to staying open to new ideas and others opinions.
What is Competance?
Knowing what to do and doing it well.
What is Charisma?
Being confident and realistically enthusiastic.
What is building Rapport?
Building a relationship with those I don’t know well and interacting frequently and in depth through exchanging thoughts, feelings, beliefs, reinforcing similar likes/dislikes and strengths/ weaknesses and exploring common interests.
What is Organizational Performance?
Depending on the hearts and minds of people verses just depending on their toil and tasks
What is Human Capital of an organization or a team?
It is the sum of what employees know and can do.
What is Social Capital?
The ability to reach out to other individuals and teams for information, advice or problem solving. This enables leaders to accomplish objectives through relationships.
