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824 > Module 4 - lecture 6/7 > Flashcards

Module 4 - lecture 6/7 Flashcards

1
Q

Parenchymal cells

A

Functional cells of the organ

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2
Q

Stromal cells

A

Supporting structures of organs

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3
Q

Tissue regeneration

A

Replacement of injured tissue with cells of the same type and function

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4
Q

Tissue repair

A

Occurs when extent or nature of damage cannot be reversed by regeneration alone (scar)

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5
Q

Stages of healing after tissue injury

A

Hemostasis (minutes), Inflammation (hours), Proliferation (days), Remodeling (weeks to months)

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6
Q

Hemostasis (minutes)

A

Local vasoconstriction and activation of platelets and clotting factors to form a fibrin clot, creates the scaffold for migrating cells

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7
Q

Inflammation (hours)

A

Driven by platelet derived mediators, bacteria, and secreted chemoattractants

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8
Q

Proliferation (days)

A

Mediated by macrophage and fibroblast derived growth factors

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9
Q

Remodeling (weeks to months)

A

transition from type 3 to type 1 collagen restoring tensile strength of tissue

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10
Q

Determinants of regeneration vs repair

A

Nature of cells injured, extent of injury, presence or absence of ongoing inflammation, underlying disease

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11
Q

Common outcome of various signal transduction pathways of growth factors

A

change in gene expression

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12
Q

Primary intention

A

wound closed

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13
Q

Secondary intention

A

wound left open

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14
Q

tertiary intention

A

delayed primary closure

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15
Q

Mechanism regulating cell proliferation

A

Differentiation, population, apoptosis

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16
Q

Epidermal growth factor source

A

Activated macrophages, keratinocytes

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17
Q

Epidermal growth factor function

A

Mitogenic for keratinocytes and fibroblasts, simulates keratinocyte migration and granulation tissue formation

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18
Q

ECM Basement membrane components

A

Type IV collagen, laminin, proteoglycan

19
Q

EXM interstitial matrix components

A

Fibrillar collagens, elastin, proteoglycan and hyaluronan

20
Q

fibrosis definition

A

scarring

21
Q

4 processes of fibrosis

A

Angiogenesis, migration proliferation, deposition of ECM, maturation by macrophages

22
Q

Growth factors that regulate fibrosis

A

PDGF, TGFBeta, FGF-2

23
Q

Three key elements of shock

A

Life threatening, circulatory failure, inadequate oxygenation

24
Q

Four types of shock

A

Distributive, Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive

25
Q

Distributive shock

A

Vasodilation, sepsis #1, anaphylaxis, neurogenic

26
Q

Septic shock mortality rate

A

25-50%

27
Q

70% of septic shock cases caused by

A

endotoxin producing gram negative bacillus

28
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

loss of plasma or blood volume

29
Q

hypovolemic shock causes

A

hemorrhage(ectopic pregnancy), severe burns, severe vomiting diarrhea

30
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Myocardial infract, ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac myopathy, valvular disease

31
Q

Obstructive shock

A

characterized by a blockage flow caused by a massive pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax

32
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

endotoxin lipid A, o antigen on outer membrane

33
Q

Adrenomedullin role

A

enhances endothelial barrier function, acts differently in vascular space vs interstitial space

34
Q

Edema definition

A

Accumulation of fluid in interstitial space of body tissues

35
Q

Primary drivers of fluid in and out of vascular space

A

Hydrostatic pressure (pushing fluid out), colloid osmotic pressure (drawing fluid in)

36
Q

Cause of edema

A

Inability to reabsorb or remove fluid from lymph, leading to fluid accumulation

37
Q

Increased capillary permeability

A

L: cellulitis S: sepsis, hypersensitivity

38
Q

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

L: compartment syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency S: heart failure, renal failure, pregnancy

39
Q

Decreased capillary oncotic pressure

A

S: protein deficient states (nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis)

40
Q

Lymphatic obstruction lymphedema

A

L: tumor, trauma, infection (filariasis)

41
Q

Transudate

A

protein poor

42
Q

exudate

A

protein rich

43
Q

Drug induced edema causes

A

Lymphatic drainage disruption, increased capillary permeability, increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

824 (12 decks)

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