Module 4- Haloalkanes Flashcards
What are haloalkanes?
Saturated organic compounds that
contain carbon atoms and at least one
halogen atoms
Are halogenoalkanes soluble
in water?
Insoluble as C-H bonds are non-polar,
not compensated for enough by C-X
bond polarity
Do halogenoalkanes have a
polar bond? Why?
Yes polar, as halogen has a higher
electronegativity than C ( halogen is δ-, carbon is
δ+)
What type of intermolecular
forces do they have? Why?
Permanent dipole-dipole and London
forces of attraction
C-X bond polarity creates permanent
dipoles
When would they have higher
boiling points?
Increase Carbon chain length
Halogen further down group 7
How would the mass of a
haloalkane compare with the
mass of an alkane of the same
chain length?
Greater as mass of halogen > mass of H
What is the most important
factor in determining halogen
reactivity?
The strength of carbon halogen bond
What would bond polarity
suggest the order of
reactivity would be?
C-F would be most reactive as most polar bond
What would bond enthalpies
suggest the order of reactivity
would be?
C-I would be most reactive as lowest
bond enthalpy
What is a primary halogen?
The halogen atom is present at the end
of the chain
Define nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Give 3 examples of
nucleophiles
:OH-
:CN-
:NH3
What is nucleophilic
substitution?
A reaction where a nucleophile donates
a lone pair of electrons to δ+ C atom, δ−
atom leaves molecule (replaced by
nucleophiles)
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction where water is a reactant
What reactant often produces
hydroxide ions for hydrolysis?
Water
