Module 4 - Basics of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What does nomenclature
mean?
The system used for naming organic
compounds
What does the term empirical
formula mean?
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in
a molecule
What does the term molecular
formula mean?
It provides the actual number of atoms of
different elements in a molecule
What does the term displayed
formula mean?
It shows every atom and every bond in a
molecule
What does the term structural
formula mean?
It shows the arrangement of atoms in a
molecule without showing every bond
Define skeletal formula
A type of formula which is drawn as lines
with each vertex being a carbon atom.
Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each
C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H
Define homologous series
A series of organic compounds having
the same functional group but with each
successive member differing by CH2
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms responsible for
characteristic reactions of a compound
What is an aliphatic
hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined
together in a straight line or branched
chain
What is an alicyclic
hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons arranged in non aromatic
rings with or without side chains
What is an aromatic
hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbon that contains at least one
benzene ring
Give the suffixes for:
a) No double bonds
b) At least one double bond
c) An alcohol
d) An aldehyde
e) A ketone
f) A carboxylic acid
a) No double bonds -ane
b) At least one double bond -ene
c) An alcohol -ol
d) An aldehyde -al
e) A ketone -one
f) A carboxylic acid -oic acid
Give the prefixes for:
a) CH3 group
b) C2H5 group
c) C3H7 group
d) C4H9 group
e) Cl group
f) Br group
g) I group
a) CH3 group methyl
b) C2H5 group ethyl
c) C3H7 group propyl
d) C4H9 group butyl
e) Cl group chlorof) Br group bromo
g) I group iodo
What is the general formula of
alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula of
alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula of
alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What does saturated mean?
Organic compounds which only contain
single bonds
What are unsaturated
compounds?
Organic compounds that contain at least
one carbon carbon double covalent bond
Define structural isomerism
When molecules have the same molecular
formula but different structural formula
What are the 3 ways in which
structural isomers can be
formed?
- Alkyl groups can be in different places
- Functional groups can be bonded to
different parts - There can be different functional groups
What are stereoisomers?
Organic compounds with the same
molecular formula but have different
arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z isomerism and
how are the E and Z isomers
decided?
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C
double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on
the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen)
isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer
What is Cis-trans isomerism?
Special type of E/Z isomerism where the
two substituents on each carbon atom
are the same
What is homolytic fission?
It happens when each bonding atom
receives one electron from the bonded
pair forming two radicals
What is heterolytic fission?
When one bonding atom receives both
electrons from the bonded pair
What are radicals?
Highly reactive, neutral species
How is a covalent bond
formed from two radicals?
The radicals collide and the electrons are
involved the bond formation
