Module 4: First Aid Flashcards

Question

2 types of AED

Answer 1

stowage, quantity, prep kit attached, battery

Answer 2

hi and lo flow

Answer 3

look for green dial

Answer 4

hi then lo once signs of recovery

Answer 5

High flow = 4 litres a minute, 45 mins Low flow = 2 litres a minute, 90 mins

Answer 6

quantity, stowage, gauge reads full, crew mask attached to hi flow outlet, 2 passenger masks in sealed bags, strap attahced, dust cap on low flow outlet

Answer 7

Delivery kit, medication, airway management kit

Answer 8

no only medical personnel

Answer 9

Emergency medical kit (EMK)

Answer 10

quantity, stowage, seals closed, in date

Answer 11

carried by SCCM, their responsibility to ensure its filled, contains Panadol, plasters, gloves, domerid (upset tummy), reports

Answer 12

false - only 1

Answer 13

False only A330 transatlantic

Answer 14

passenger accident incident report form

Answer 15

Rescue breaths in CPR

Answer 16

Storage of contaminated items

Answer 17

1) Break seal to access contents 2) Reseal after units (seals provided in kit) 3) Advise Commander 4) Enter details into Captain’s Section of Technical Log 5) Enter relevant first aid reports e.g. entry in the flight report

Answer 18

chest drainage

Answer 19

Automated External Defibrillator

Answer 20

Ventricular tachycardia = chaotic Ventricular fibrillation = most frequent initial rhythm in arrest

Answer 21

2 - 1 is lighter to be carried around cabin

Answer 22

Provided when a passenger states well in advance they need to be on constant oxygen

Answer 23

low = 6.5 hours high = 3.5 hours

Answer 24

Blockage in coronary artery

Answer 25

heart stops beating

Answer 26

blood supply to brain is impaired due to blood clot or rupture

Answer 27

Balance Eyes Face Arms Speech Time

Answer 28

Blood clot in leg -> could go to heart -> detrimental

Answer 29

inactivity

Answer 30

stay active

Answer 31

rest no liquids to prevent need for toilet

Answer 32

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

Answer 33

drugs or prolonged exposure to heat

Answer 34

Headache, dizziness, confusion Rapid breathing Weak pulse Nausea, vomiting Sweating Pale clammy skin

Answer 35

Hot and dry skin Headache and dizziness Rapid breathing Rapid pulse Absence of sweating in late phases Seizures Decreased level of consciousness Possible cardiac arrest

Answer 36

Muscle cramps Weakness Thirst Pale skin Rapid pulse

Answer 37

Oxygen if needed Move to cool area Spritz with water and fan Lay down, raise legs to be supported on pillows (improves blood flow to brain and heart) Loosen tight clothing - remove excess Offer cool damp cloth on forehead Offer cool liquids for heat exhaustion and heat cramps ONLY Check temperature constantly

Answer 38

Shivering Feeling cold Disorientation / confusion Drowsiness / lethargy Slow, weak pulse Slow shallow breathing Loss of consciousness

Answer 39

Conduct a Primary Survey ABCDE Implement the Response Plan Oxygen if needed Remove cold damp clothes Wrap in blankets or warm clothes Wrap head Provide warm surgary drink Do not apply sources of direct heat If level of consciousness is impaired don’t give anything to eat/drink

Answer 40

Air passage way from trachea to lungs

Answer 41

Provides air flow

Answer 42

suffocation

Answer 43

Asthma Choking Anaphylaxis

Answer 44

Sudden catastrophic allergic reaction involving entire body

Answer 45

Loss of consciousness Hives Swelling of tongue - inability to swallow Swelling of throat

Answer 46

swelling of throat and tongue causes trachea to close preventing air flow to lungs

Answer 47

Epipen for over 10 Junior epipen if over 6 months but under 10 years

Answer 48

Red or black colouring of tongue and mouth Wheezing / issues breathing Burns (particularly face) Signs of hypoxia

Answer 49

Oxygen on HI Treat other injuries e.g. burns Check for hypoxia, shock, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest

Answer 50

Open airway and check breathing

Answer 51

recovery position

Answer 52

Alert: are they awake and talking coherently Voice: do they respond to simple voice commands Pain: do they respond to pinching hand Unresponsive: does not respond

Answer 53

brief disruption in brain electrical activiy

Answer 54

1) Petit Mal (Absence Seizure) 2) Grand Mal (Tonic-Clonic Seizure) 3) Status Epilepticus

Answer 55

staring in to space or blank out for a seconds

Answer 56

violent muscle contractions and loss of consciousness

Answer 57

prolonged or repeated seizures -> medical emergency

Answer 58

sprains and strains

Answer 59

Deformities: is the limb in an odd angle? Open wounds: is skin broken and bleeding visible? Tenderness: is the area sore to touch? Swelling: relative to other arm, leg etc.

Answer 60

Soft tissue injury to muscles - occurs when muscles are overstreteched, partially or completely torn Aka pulled muscle

Answer 61

Soft tissue injury to joints and ligaments - ligaments and tissues around joint are suddenly torn or wrenched

Answer 62

RICE Rest Ice Compress (bandage) Elevate

Answer 63

Direct force Indirect force Muscular action Disease

Answer 64

Visible signs e.g. bruising, cuts Loss of consciousness Signs of skull fracture e.g. confusion, open head wound etc.

Answer 65

Do not overheat Control bleedin Monitor vital signs - watch for loss of consciousness Look for ear discharge (cover with sterile dressing DONT PLUG) Don’t turn neck in case of injury Oxygen on HI

Answer 66

Pain / tenderness Numbness / weakness in legs, arms Difficulty moving Loss of feeling Difficulty breathing Tingling sensation

Answer 67

Oxygen if needed Obtain medical history Do not move Keep them laying flat Do not overheat Ensure airway is supported

Answer 68

o Falling items o Infection o Fire o Water o Confined spaces o Chemical spillages o Extreme conditions (e.g. turbulence) o Toxic fumes o Electricity

Answer 69

finder helper communicator

Answer 70

 Check scene safety  Check casualty  Stay with casualty  Call for help from CCMs  Shout for help  Care for casualty  Ask passenger to get CCM

Answer 71

 Collect relevant equipment  Inform another CCM

Answer 72

 Always the SCCM, even if they are the finder they swap to be a communicator  Crowd control  Tel + Commande r  Make PA for medical personnel  Keep CCMs informed

Answer 73

STOP Stop Think Observe Proceed

Answer 74

Signs you see Symptoms they feel

Answer 75

check consciosuness

Answer 76

tap both shoulders and shout loudly in both ears "hello hello can you hear me"

Answer 77

tap one sole of the foot, clap both hands

Answer 78

Airway Head tilt, chin lift (4 + 2 fingers for adult, 2 + 1 fingers for infant) Check for foreign objects Look, listen, feel for 10 seconds Look chest cavity for rise and fall that is even on both sides Look at depth of breath Look at rate of breath Feel breath on cheek

Answer 79

absence of breathing caused by total blockage

Answer 80

partial obstruction to upper airway (cause = fluid)

Answer 81

partial obstruction to upper airway (cause = tongue)

Answer 82

high pitched grunting sound on inhalation indicates partial obstruction to lower part of upper airway caused by swelling or foreigin bodies

Answer 83

rasping/whistling indicating narrowing of bronchioles (lower airways)

Answer 84

2 - 4 - 5 * Adult (8+) = 2 breaths in 10 seconds * Kid (0-8) = 4 breaths in 10 seconds * Infant (0-1) = 6 breaths in 10 seconds

Answer 85

* Adult = 12-20 breaths per minute * Kid = 24-40 breaths per minute * Infant = 40-60 breaths per minute

Answer 86

* Nasal flaring * Use of accessory muscles e.g. neck * Tracheal tugging i.e. windpipe moving up and down * Intercostal muscle recession (muscles between ribs drawing in) * Abdominal sea-saw movement (diaphragm is overworking)

Answer 87

Capillary reflex (press for 5, should bounce back in 2) on nail bed for children and adults both foot sole for infants Check for shock Check for bleeding Check skin colour Check temperature Check pulse

Answer 88

too much oxygen

Answer 89

too little oxygen

Answer 90

gastro issue

Answer 91

Use middle and index fingers and place on thumb, feed it along up to wrist – check for 30 seconds

Answer 92

60-100 bpm

Answer 93

Adult = 30-50 Children = 40-50 Infants = 50-60 Newborn = 60-70

Answer 94

Signs/symptoms Allergies Medication Past medical history Last meal Eextras

Answer 95

Pulse, breathing, skin, level of response

Answer 96

* Right route * Right reason * Right person * Right dose * Right time * Right to refuse * Right documentation

Answer 97

1) Medlink Passenger Checklist 2) Medical Assessment Form

Answer 98

Helps crew track treatment of casualty on board

Answer 99

First responder / finder

Answer 100

ABCDE SAMPLE Vital signs

Answer 101

To take account of a crew members injury on board

Answer 102

organisms causing infections

Answer 103

bacteria and viruses

Answer 104

An animal/insect acts as a host (vector) for pathogens/organisms e.g. mosquitos and tics - when these vectors bite us we get sick

Answer 105

Use insect repellent (preferably containing DEET) Keep arms and legs covered after sunset Sleep in properly screened, air conditioned rooms Use a “knockdown spray” to kill mosquitos in vicinity before sleeping

Answer 106

Temperature of over 38 degrees celsius AND Persistent coughing Impaired breathing Skin rash Abnormal breathing Reduced mental clarity Persistent vomiting Persistent diarrhoea

Answer 107

If a major communicable disease is suspected on board, commander must inform inform station who will inform post health authority. Post health authority will decide whether aircraft, crew and passengers need to be quarantined On arrival no one is permitted to board or leave without permission from local authorities If necessary, passengers will be transported to a waiting area until cleared

Answer 108

30 mins before landing

Answer 109

1) SCCM makes PA (advise passengers to cover nose and mouth) 2) Each CCM sprays their own zone, walking no faster than 1 zone per second, spraying upward into air 3) All used canisters should be handed to health authorities on arrival

Answer 110

Signs around mouth and face Convulsion / vomiting Unconsciousness

Answer 111

Obtain SAMPLE Monitor consciousness (AVPU) Measure vital signs DO NOT induce vomiting Keep samples Administer oxygen if needed

Answer 112

Place in the recovery position Monitor vitals Keep samples Be prepared to resusitate

Answer 113

Disrupt normal heart rhythm -> cardiac arrest

Answer 114

1) Cools 2) Time 3) Apply

Answer 115

injury resulting from change in pressure (ascent, descent, decompression)

Answer 116

Eustachian tube blockage - helps restore equilibrium during changes in pressure

Answer 117

 Mild-severe pain in ear drum or sinus  Decreased hearing  Pain behind eyes, spreading down face  Cracking and popping sensations in ear or sinuses  Possible crying in infants and children  Rupture in eardrum -> sharp pain or possible bleeding

Answer 118

 Yawn, swallow or use Valsalva technique (pinching nose, mouth closed, blow to force air from eustachian tube from throat)  Offer nasal decongestant e.g. few drops of olbas oil from fak on a tissue and inhale  Do not put anything in, on or over them

Answer 119

 Reassure  Medical history (SAMPLE)  Administer Domerid (for stomach) * Make sure they haven’t taken anything else before this * Found in FAK  Advise passenger to minimise head movement and avoid reading  Avoid alcohol  Turn on PSU air vent  Ensure plenty of sick bags available  Monitor condition

Answer 120

Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pale/sweaty/clammy skin, dizziness/light-headiness, weakness

Answer 121

Frequent urge to open bowels, abdominal cramps, fever (due to infection), bleeding (can be bright red or black), dizziness, light-headeness etc

Answer 122

 Get medical history  Offer cold wet cloths e.g. on pulse  Offer arret for diarrhoea  Domerid for nausea or vomiting  If both nausea and vomiting present = arret + domerid  Encourage fluids to sip slowly – prevent dehydration

Answer 123

 FISH * Fainting * Infantile Convulsions * Shock * Hypothermia / Head injury  SHAPED * Stroke * Heart attack * Asphyxia * Poison * Epileptic fit * Diabetes

Answer 124

recovery position (only if breathing normally) + oxygen while ensuring to monitor vitals and AVPU

Answer 125

light headed, dizzy, pale/cool/clammy skin, nausea, brief loss of consciousness leading them to fall

Answer 126

 If sitting * Get them to place their head between their knees  If collapsed * Assist them to lie flat -> walker stand to guide them to the ground * Raise legs above level of the heart to improve the flow of oxygen to the brain  Loosen light clothing around neck, chest, waist  Administer HI flow oxygen  Once responsive obtain a medical history  If unconsciousness persists for more than 1 minute place into recovery position  Do not let them stand until fully recovered

Answer 127

failure of cardiovascular system to adequately supply body cells with oxygen

Answer 128

heart attack heart failure

Answer 129

blood loss, burns, loss of bodily fluids

Answer 130

spinal cord injuries, TBIs

Answer 131

allergic reaction

Answer 132

massive infection

Answer 133

nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, anxiety, rapid/shallow breathing, rapid/weak pulse, increased capillary refill time, cyanosis, restlessness, low blood pressure, confusion, possible loss of consciousness, pale/cold/clammy skin, air hunger, extreme thirst

Answer 134

neurogenic: pulse is low

Answer 135

 Assess nature and severity  Look for a cause of shock – obvious injury, bleeding etc, allergy  Lay the casualty down, raise the legs and support the feet with bulky items to improve the blood supply to the brain if possible  Administer oxygen on HI setting  Loosen any tight clothing around the casualty’s neck, chest and waist. Cover with a blanket / coat to maintain body temperature. Do not overheat  Continue to monitor vital signs  Do not give the casualty anything to eat or drink

Answer 136

slow flow of bleeding

Answer 137

dark red and flows slowly due to lack of oxygen

Answer 138

 Bright red and spurts with each heartbeat

Answer 139

 Pulse = slightly raised  Skin = cold and clammy  Colour = pale  Pupils = dilated but equal  Breathing = slightly rapid  Consciousness = light-headed, feeling faint  Peripheral temp = cool  General = unstable

Answer 140

Pulse = Fast and weak Skin = Cold and clammy Colour = Pale to cyanosed Pupils = Dilated and equal potential blurred vision Breathing = Deep sighing for air hunger Consciousness = Apathetic low pain threshold Peripheral temp = Cold General = Poor – potentially fatal

Answer 141

Contusions - blunt force to extremity Lacerations - jagged objects Incisions - blade Puncture - nail

Answer 142

 Posture  Elevation * Above the heart  Examination  Pressure * 10 mins for severe bleed * Pressure dressing if direct pressure and elevation not enough  If theres dirt – a little water to irrigate is okay but not too much so blood can coagulate and crust  Clean with a sterilising wipe  You cannot remove anything – you will have to bandage around it (weeving it in and around to a donut)  If pressure and elevation do not control the bleeding, apply a pressure dressing over the original dressing  Check capillary refill around area  Treat for shock

Answer 143

 Tight but not to tight to prevent circulation * Have them wiggle fingers * Tap the top of their fingers * Check pulse – capillary refill (press for 5, release for 2 seconds) every 20 minutes  Tie bandage on top of cut for pressure  Remove all jewellery and watches for swelling  Put hand into upsling to elevate it  If blood starts to seep out put another layer over it

Answer 144

 Observe Vital Signs  Assess the nature and severity of the condition. Evaluate for signs of trauma  Assess the severity of the bleeding. Check for any other nose or cranial problems, such as a recent cold, sinus infection or injury  Advise the casualty to lean forward, breathe through the mouth and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes. Provide disposable towels  If the casualty’s nose is still bleeding after 10 minutes, instruct him/her to repeat the process and pinch the nose again for another 10 minutes  Monitor the casualty for signs of shock  When the bleeding has stopped advise the casualty to avoid blowing the nose drinking anything too hot / too cold or coughing, this may disturb the blood clot that has formed cause the bleeding to start again  Do not insert anything into the nose  If the nose bleed is severe or if it lasts longer than 30 minutes in total, seek medical attention

Answer 145

 Lungs = coughing blood  Stomach = vomiting blood  Kidneys = blood in urine  Bowel = blood in stool  Fractured skull = blood and cerebrospinal fluid from ears and nose

Answer 146

 Vital signs  Obtain SAMPLE  Monitor vitals  Calm and reassure  Administer oxygen  Urgent removal to hospital

Answer 147

open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone

Answer 148

not visible above ksin

Answer 149

several fractures affecting one bone or when fracture affects vessel or internal organ

Answer 150

occurs in those with elasticity in their bones e.g. kids (like a stick splintering)

Answer 151

 Assess the nature and severity of the injury  Make the casualty as comfortable as possible, sit or lie the casualty down  Administer oxygen if required  If a leg or knee is injured, support the leg above and below the injury site to keep it secure. To support an arm, wrist or hand, lay the arm across the casualty’s body and advise the casualty to support it with the other hand  Cover any wound, loosely, with a clean dressing. Secure the dressing with adhesive tape or a bandage  Seek medical attention  Do not give the casualty anything to eat or drink  Monitor vital signs and levels of response  Immobilise the injured area, including the joints above and below the fracture. Place soft padding between bony areas such as the knees and ankles.  Check circulation beyond the injury site. Feel the skin and check the capillary refill. Monitor the casualty for signs of shock  Do not move the injured limb  If visible bone ends are protruding from a wound, do not push the ends back into a wound - If the casualty develops shock, lay the casualty flat with legs raised

Answer 152

 History of injury  Heard bone break  Swelling / pain/ loss of movement  Pain or tenderness in injured area  Bruising or swelling  Abrnomal appearance e.g. shortening of arm  Pain with weight bearing or inability to use injured part

Answer 153

reduces mobility for fractures

Answer 154

for wounds/bleeds

Answer 155

pain, loss of movement, deformity, absence of pulse and/or numbness below disolocation

Answer 156

check pulse below injured site, calm and reassure, administer oxygen if necessary

Answer 157

 Heat = fire, water, steam  Friction = ropes  Cold = ice, snow, liquid nitrogen  Chemicals = acids  Radiation = radioactive material  Electricity = lightening strike

Answer 158

 1st: epidermis (red skin) – superficial  2nd: epidermis + dermis (blisters – don’t pop) – semi thickness  3rd: epidermis, dermis + subcutaneous (loss of feeling) – full thickness

Answer 159

 Remove burning agent  Cool with tepid water for 10 minutes  Assess nature of injury  Prevent further skin damage – cool sking using cool water for 10 mins to halt the burning process and neutralize the cause  Remove contaminated clothing if not stuck to skin  Remove jwellery from areas  Do not burst blisters  Do not remove clothing stuck to skin  Apply water burn gel from the FAK (only after cooling for 10 mins) and secure with a sterile dressing  Elevate the injured area to prevent swelling  Keep casualty warm – maintain normal body temp  Do not apply cream or adhesive dressing  Do not over cool casualty – particular hazard for infants and elderly  Administer oxygen if needed  Tie bandage below burn

Answer 160

- Painful sinuses/ear problems - Pain in stomach/wind - Tingling fingers and toes - Breathlessness and anxiety

Answer 161

encourage coughing

Answer 162

Unconscious = CPR Conscious = 5 back blows + 5 abdominal thrusts

Answer 163

Ask casualty to lean over Stand to their side 5 back blows using the heal of the hand between the shoulder blades If unresolved = 5 abdominal thrusts (stand behind, make fist, place fist above navel, grab with the other hand and pull in) If unresolved = continue alternating

Answer 164

No - must do chest ones in between breast bone

Answer 165

No - instead use black slaps and chest thrusts

Answer 166

no - max is one as its considered a dangerous good

Answer 167

LORD Right = deoxygenated Left = oxygenated

Answer 168

left and right atrium left and right ventricle

Answer 169

temporary inadequate blood supply to heart -> narrowing of one or more coronary arteries feed the heart muscle heart is made to work harder -> due to exertion or excitement chest pain - often relieved by medication, possible cyanosis, rapdi/shallow breathing, nausea/vomiting, anxeiety, weakness/numbness

Answer 170

Oxygen HI flow Advise to take meds if they do SAMPLE Reassure them Recline seat (semi-recumbanent position) Open tight clothing Monitor vitals

Answer 171

- Administer oxygen on a HI setting. Reassure the casualty. Help the casualty to settle into a semi – recumbent position [recline their seat and feet slightly raised e.g on a small bag] - Obtain medical history of current problem [SAMPLE] - Prepare for possible cardiac arrest, most commonly occurring with in the first 2 hours [the first 10 minutes are most crucial]

Answer 172

early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced care

Answer 173

cardiac arrest = electrical therefore unconscious heart attack = circulation therefore conscious

Answer 174

sudden collapse not breathing or not normally at least loss of consciousness

Answer 175

Age, Bleeding disorder, Bleeding ulcer, Allergy (ABBA)

Answer 176

chest compressions provide cirulation by forcing oxygenated blood through heart and into blood vessels, and rescue breaths to supply oxygen

Answer 177

prevents permanent brain damage

Answer 178

2 laerdal masks, 2 gloves, AED and blanket Tell SCCM, SCCM tells commander, PA for doctor or nurse

Answer 179

Bend your knees and mind your back Ready steady lift, ready steady move, ready steady down

Answer 180

30 chest compression (rate = 100/120 per minute, 1.5-2 inches depth) Followed by 2 rescue breaths using laedral mask

Answer 181

3-6 seconds

Answer 182

First aid kit Prep kit Biohazard kit

Answer 183

hand underneath back/shoulder finger nearest mouth is up (toe finges only)

Answer 184

suffocation

Answer 185

suffocation

Answer 186

suffocation

Answer 187

Hypoglycaemia + Hyperglycaemia

Answer 188

Too much sugar in blood -> insufficient insulin

Answer 189

Too little sugar in blood ->

Answer 190

Extreme thrist Frequent urination Dry, flushed skin Deep breathing Sweat, fruity smell on breath Severe case -> loss of consciousness Rapid, weak pulse

Answer 191

Usually they know Pale, sweaty skin Weakness, fatigue, sluurred speech Hunger, trembling, rapid strong pulse Confused, vague or aggressive state

Answer 192

This occurs when a fertilized egg implants in an abdominal position, that is somewhere other than the uterine wall. This results in bleeding either into the uterus or the abdominal cavity.