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Pharmacology II > Module 4 Exam > Flashcards

Module 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cholestyramine – proper way to take/administer

A

Bile acid sequestrant
Lowers high cholesterol levels in blood
Should be mixed with water or other noncarbonated fluids

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2
Q

Atorvastatin – EtOH? Ok or not? Why?

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Lowers cholesterol, can cause muscle pain
Drinking alcohol with atorvastatin will damage liver and increase AST/ALT

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3
Q

Niacin prescribed with a bile acid sequestrant, spacing?

A

Vitamin B3
Don’t give at same time as bile acid sequestrant; take 4-6 hours after

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4
Q

Heparin and coumadin antidotes

A

Heparin: Protamine sulfate
Coumadin (Warfarin): vitamin K

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5
Q

Aspirin and warfarin take together – possible result

A

bleeding

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6
Q

Anticoagulants – ok to use razor?

A

no, use an electric razor

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7
Q

Pt on warfarin has blood in urine. Assess which lab results?

A

PT, INR

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8
Q

Aminocaproic Acid – use?

A

STOPS bleeding

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9
Q

Diabetic neuropathy – anemia, why?

A

Decreased erythropoietin production in kidneys

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10
Q

Thiazide diuretic – mechanism of action?

A

Blocks chloride pump = lost Na

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11
Q

Electrolyte levels – furosemide

A

Watch for hypokalemia (K)

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12
Q

Hypokalemia – thiazides

A

Not as common as furosemide (loop diuretic)

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13
Q

HCTZ and diabetes. More or less insulin required?

A

HCTZ = hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide diuretic)
More insulin because it increases BS

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14
Q

Furosemide plus certain antibiotics can cause?

A

ototoxicity
-cins

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15
Q

Furosemide plus NSAID? Concern or no?

A

NSAID decrease effect of furosemide

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16
Q

Catheters and UTIs

A

CAUTI

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17
Q

Finasteride and pregnant females

A

Used to treat BPH (5-alpha reductase inhibitor)

Can cause abortions/ use with caution

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18
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

Urinary tract analgesic
Anesthetic for GU, turns urine orange

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19
Q

Older adults, UTIs, and recommendations to minimize

A

fluids
wipe front to back

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20
Q

Urine culture and sensitivity results tell us what?

A

to know what drug to give

21
Q

Alpha1 adrenergic blockers and BPH

A

Terazosin and doxazosin (examples)
Relaxes BPH, better urine stream

22
Q

Treatment for BPH

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride)
Alpha1 adrenergic blockers (terazosin, doxazosin)

23
Q

COPD, theophylline, smoking

A

Don’t smoke on theophylline
Theophylline treats COPD
Theophylline is a beta-2 agonist (bronchodilator)

24
Q

Acute asthma, epinephrine, mechanism of action

A

Epi relaxes the lungs and causes vasoconstriction

25
Q

Sympathomimetic drug, exercise-induced asthma, timing

A

Take 15-30 minutes before exercise

26
Q

Premature newborn, surfactant

A

keeps alveoli open

27
Q

Mast cell stabilizer, _________ is the only mast cell stabilizer used in the treatment of asthma.

A

Cromolyn

28
Q

COPD and ipratropium

A

treats COPD
anticholinergic

29
Q

Sit in ______ position when inhaling nebulized medications

A

Fowler

30
Q

Drug treatment of asthma and COPD aims to:

A

Relieve inflammation and promote bronchial dilation

31
Q

Adrenergic agents stimulate ___________ receptors in the heart as well as ___________ in the lungs… effect on HR?

A

Beta1-adrenergic; beta2-adrenergic
Increased HR/tachycardia

32
Q

__________ may be injected subcutaneously in an acute attack of bronchoconstriction.

A

epinephrine via EpiPen

33
Q

________ inhalers should be shaken well, immediately before each use.

A

albuterol

34
Q

Inhaled __________ should not be used on an emergency basis.

A

Corticosteroids

35
Q

Adverse effects associated with the use of inhaled steroids?

A

irritation, dryness, redness

36
Q

Persistent cough for 2 weeks – recommendation?

A

go to HCP

37
Q

Parents need to be educated to read the labels of:

A

any OTC preparation they give their children

38
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Mucinex
decreases secretions - helps cough them up

39
Q

Nasal steroids require about _ weeks to reach their full clinical effect.

A

2

40
Q

Loratadine – use?

A

Antihistamine
Allergies, decongestant, take in morning

41
Q

Antitussive with codeine, precautions

A

addiction
don’t drive while taking

42
Q

Sympathomimetics such as ____________ cause increased heart rate and blood pressure.

A

pseudoephedrine

43
Q

An adverse effect that accompanies frequent or prolonged use of topical nasal decongestants is? Implications for use?

A

rebound congestion
don’t use for very long

44
Q

Cough medicines and MAOIs such as phenelzine?

A

Phenelzine – Nardil
Can lead to hypertensive crisis

45
Q

Acetylcysteine – uses?

A

Mucolytic agent
Used for Tylenol overdose/break up mucus

46
Q

Antihistamines – anticholinergics?

A

Dries people out

Worry about giving to elderly and BPH

47
Q

Antitussives are drugs that:

A

suppress cough reflex

48
Q

Nasal steroids are used for

A

chronic allergic rhinitis

49
Q

Diphenhydramine – conditions used for?

A

Antihistamine
Used for itching, sleep, and conjunction with other things (for cough and cold symptoms)

Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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