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Pharmacology II > Module 1 Exam > Flashcards

Module 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When do you give prophylactic anti-infectives?

A

You give in advance to prevent infection

before dental procedures, abdominal procedures, etc.

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2
Q

How does Penicillin work?

A

it interferes with synthesis of the cell membrane

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3
Q

Why is it a bad idea to give antibiotics for a viral infection?

A

A virus isn’t the same thing as a bacterium, an antibiotic won’t work for a virus

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4
Q

What does Selectively Toxic mean?

A

Does not kill everything indiscriminately (targets specific cells)

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5
Q

After applying antifungal cream to a client with athlete’s foot, what would be your next action?

A

Put on clean/dry socks

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6
Q

What CNS effects can occur when taking antimalarial drug therapy?

A

hallucinations (see things that aren’t there)

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7
Q

When should you give Mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis?

A

Give one week before leaving country

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8
Q

What labs do you monitor for Albendazole?

A

urine output, BUN, and creatinine

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9
Q

Trichinosis invades which body tissues?

A

muscles

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10
Q

Client reports allergy to an antibiotic in the past, what do you do?

A

ask pt to describe the reaction

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11
Q

When do you get peaks?

A

30 min after done

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12
Q

When do you get troughs?

A

before you give the next dose

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13
Q

What do you do when your pt has a penicillin or cephalosporin allergy?

A

assume that they have cross sensitivity

if they are allergic to one they are probably allergic to the other

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14
Q

Precautions for Tetracycline

A

alternate form of BC, sunscreen, yellow teeth, sit up for 30 min after eating

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15
Q

Are viruses more difficult to treat?

A

Yes, because you have to kill the cell that the virus infects

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16
Q

Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) and children, dosage based on what?

A

weight

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17
Q

Amantadine precautions?

A

Antiviral

Side rails because of CNS effects

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18
Q

Hepatitis B – transmitted how?

A

Blood and needle sticks and bodily fluids

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19
Q

Antiretroviral medications can cause?

A

full body rashes

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20
Q

Bactericidal

A

kills the cell

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21
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

prevent the reproduction of the cell

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22
Q

Adverse Reactions to Antiinfective Therapy (5)

A

kidney damage
GI toxicity
Neurotoxicity
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Superinfections

(kill good flora, bad flora gets in)

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23
Q

Should you finish the antibiotic all the way through?

A

YES

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24
Q

What antibiotics can cause accidental pregnancy?

A

-cillins and -cyclines (doxycycline and tetracycline)

bc it makes oral contraceptives ineffective

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25
Q

Should you drink alcohol while taking an antibiotic? Why?

A

NO because it is hard on the liver

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26
Q

What antibiotics should you not eat food with? (MTF - move the food)

A

macrolides (azithromycin)
tetracycline and doxycycline
flouroquinolones (levofloxacin [Levaquin], ciprofloxacin [Cipro])

take on empty stomach with full glass of water

27
Q

What antibiotics should you avoid the sun?
(avoid “Fun The Sun”) - FTS

A

flouroquinolones
tetracycline and doxycycline
sulfa drugs (think sunburns [photosensitivity])

avoid direct sun exposure, wear sunblock

28
Q

What antibiotics are super toxic to the kidneys and ears?

A

-mycin/-micin

vancomycin
gentamicin
neomycin

29
Q

S/S of ototoxicity

A

vertigo and tinnitis

30
Q

S/S of nephrotoxicity

A

increasing BUN and creatinine
urine output <30 mL/ hour

31
Q

are -mycins = to -thromycins

A

NO

32
Q

What antibiotics are the most harmful?

A

-mycins

33
Q

What antibiotics are aminoglycosides? What should you assess for, what should the pt report?

A

-mycins (SUPER TOXIC)

ototoxicity (tinnitis and vertigo) and nephrotoxicity (increasing BUN and creatinine)

34
Q

What is red man syndrome? How is it caused? What do you do if your pt is experiencing it?

A

S/S: hypotension, pruritis and itching, red rash on face, neck, chest, and extremities

caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin

if hives, angioedema, wheezing - consider anaphylaxis - STOP, ASSESS, and EPI

35
Q

What can fluoroquinolones cause?

A

achilles tendon rupture - have pt report new muscle pain

36
Q

Macrolides - precautions

A

-thromycins

prolonged QT intervals -> cardiac arrest so monitor EKG
liver toxic - AST/ALT report increases
caution w/ tylenol
don’t stop bc of nausea and vomit and fever (common)
decreasing WBC (normal) don’t stop

37
Q

What instructions should you give to a client receiving an ATB, no matter the class?

A

take at right time
take full prescription
drink glass of water with it

38
Q

Amantadine treats what?

A

(antiviral) Parkinsons and influenza A

39
Q

Ribavirin treats what?

A

(antiviral) treats influenza A, RSV, and herpes virus infections

40
Q

What drug is given for Hepatitis C?

A

protease inhibitors

41
Q

Susceptible Patients for fungal infections

A

pts with AIDS and AIDS-related complex
pts taking immunosuppressant drugs
pts w/ transplants or cancer Tx
members of elderly pop no longer protected from environmental fungi

42
Q

Amphotericin B – Priority Assessments

A

ANTIFUNGAL
assess for jaundice and monitor liver enzyme levels
monitor urine output and BUN and creatinine levels
assess for N/V
assess skin integrity at the client’s IV site

43
Q

Vaginal fungal infection – medication – client teaching?

A

stay lying down for at least 15 min after insertion

44
Q

Antimalarial medication - signs and symptoms to report immediately?

A

CNS effects

45
Q

Quinine, cinchonism, findings?

A

quinine is a malarial drug

cinchonism is a syndrome of quinine toxicity and has s/s including nausea, vomiting, tinnitis, and vertigo (neural, retinal, and auditory toxicity)

46
Q

Trichomoniasis, sexual contact, client teaching?

A

it is an STD

there are s/s only in women

47
Q

Pinworms – what population most frequently effected, and what treatment?

A

children
mebendazole (3-day treatment)

48
Q

trichinosis

A

ingestion of roundworm larvae in undercooked pork

49
Q

infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals by worm embryos

A

filariasis

50
Q

infection with a blood fluke that is carried by a snail

A

schistosomiasis

51
Q

Tapeworm, children, interventions?

A

antiparasitic drug and psychological support

52
Q

Hookworms – impact on which labs?

A

cause anemia and protein deficiency

53
Q

Locally acting antiviral – how does it work?

A

they act on viruses by interfering with normal viral replication and metabolic processes

54
Q

Metronidazole – uses?

A

aka Flagyl
C. Diff, trichomoniasis, skin and mouth infections

55
Q

Ketoconazole -assess which labs?

A

hepatic function (AST/ALT)

56
Q

Systemic antifungal drug – what do you assess for?

A

liver toxicity

57
Q

Albendazole - assessment and interventions

A

antifungal

monitor urine output, BUN, creatinine
important to offer support and encouragement during treatment of tapeworms

58
Q

Mebendazole - assessment and what is it used for?

A

watch for decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
pinworm infestation in children

59
Q

Why do we do combination therapy for TB?

A

Using the drugs in combination helps to decrease the emergence of resistant strains and to affect the bacteria at various phases during their long and slow life cycle

60
Q

DOT (Directly Observed Therapy) Therapy for TB

A

have to watch pt swallow every dose

to ensure the med is taken correctly for the total amount of time, prevents TB from spreading to others, decreases chance of treatment failure and relapse

61
Q

Isoniazid (INH) can affect which vitamin

A

Vitamin B6

62
Q

Ethambutol adverse effects

A

antibiotic

CNS effects, such as neuritis, dizziness, headache, malaise, drowsiness, and hallucinations

also irritating to the GI tract, causing N/V, anorexia, upset stomach, and abdominal pain

63
Q

Trichinosis vs. Trichomoniasis

A

a food-borne disease caused by a microscopic parasite called Trichinella

a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite

Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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