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Pharmacology II > Module 1 Exam > Flashcards

Module 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When do you give prophylactic anti-infectives?

A

You give in advance to prevent infection

before dental procedures, abdominal procedures, etc.

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2
Q

How does Penicillin work?

A

it interferes with synthesis of the cell membrane

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3
Q

Why is it a bad idea to give antibiotics for a viral infection?

A

A virus isn’t the same thing as a bacterium, an antibiotic won’t work for a virus

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4
Q

What does Selectively Toxic mean?

A

Does not kill everything indiscriminately (targets specific cells)

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5
Q

After applying antifungal cream to a client with athlete’s foot, what would be your next action?

A

Put on clean/dry socks

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6
Q

What CNS effects can occur when taking antimalarial drug therapy?

A

hallucinations (see things that aren’t there)

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7
Q

When should you give Mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis?

A

Give one week before leaving country

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8
Q

What labs do you monitor for Albendazole?

A

urine output, BUN, and creatinine

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9
Q

Trichinosis invades which body tissues?

A

muscles

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10
Q

Client reports allergy to an antibiotic in the past, what do you do?

A

ask pt to describe the reaction

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11
Q

When do you get peaks?

A

30 min after done

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12
Q

When do you get troughs?

A

before you give the next dose

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13
Q

What do you do when your pt has a penicillin or cephalosporin allergy?

A

assume that they have cross sensitivity

if they are allergic to one they are probably allergic to the other

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14
Q

Precautions for Tetracycline

A

alternate form of BC, sunscreen, yellow teeth, sit up for 30 min after eating

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15
Q

Are viruses more difficult to treat?

A

Yes, because you have to kill the cell that the virus infects

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16
Q

Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) and children, dosage based on what?

A

weight

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17
Q

Amantadine precautions?

A

Antiviral

Side rails because of CNS effects

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18
Q

Hepatitis B – transmitted how?

A

Blood and needle sticks and bodily fluids

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19
Q

Antiretroviral medications can cause?

A

full body rashes

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20
Q

Bactericidal

A

kills the cell

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21
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

prevent the reproduction of the cell

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22
Q

Adverse Reactions to Antiinfective Therapy (5)

A

kidney damage
GI toxicity
Neurotoxicity
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Superinfections

(kill good flora, bad flora gets in)

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23
Q

Should you finish the antibiotic all the way through?

A

YES

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24
Q

What antibiotics can cause accidental pregnancy?

A

-cillins and -cyclines (doxycycline and tetracycline)

bc it makes oral contraceptives ineffective

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25
Should you drink alcohol while taking an antibiotic? Why?
NO because it is hard on the liver
26
What antibiotics should you not eat food with? (MTF - move the food)
macrolides (azithromycin) tetracycline and doxycycline flouroquinolones (levofloxacin [Levaquin], ciprofloxacin [Cipro]) take on empty stomach with full glass of water
27
What antibiotics should you avoid the sun? (avoid "Fun The Sun") - FTS
flouroquinolones tetracycline and doxycycline sulfa drugs (think sunburns [photosensitivity]) avoid direct sun exposure, wear sunblock
28
What antibiotics are super toxic to the kidneys and ears?
-mycin/-micin vancomycin gentamicin neomycin
29
S/S of ototoxicity
vertigo and tinnitis
30
S/S of nephrotoxicity
increasing BUN and creatinine urine output <30 mL/ hour
31
are -mycins = to -thromycins
NO
32
What antibiotics are the most harmful?
-mycins
33
What antibiotics are aminoglycosides? What should you assess for, what should the pt report?
-mycins (SUPER TOXIC) ototoxicity (tinnitis and vertigo) and nephrotoxicity (increasing BUN and creatinine)
34
What is red man syndrome? How is it caused? What do you do if your pt is experiencing it?
S/S: hypotension, pruritis and itching, red rash on face, neck, chest, and extremities caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin if hives, angioedema, wheezing - consider anaphylaxis - STOP, ASSESS, and EPI
35
What can fluoroquinolones cause?
achilles tendon rupture - have pt report new muscle pain
36
Macrolides - precautions
-thromycins prolonged QT intervals -> cardiac arrest so monitor EKG liver toxic - AST/ALT report increases caution w/ tylenol don't stop bc of nausea and vomit and fever (common) decreasing WBC (normal) don't stop
37
What instructions should you give to a client receiving an ATB, no matter the class?
take at right time take full prescription drink glass of water with it
38
Amantadine treats what?
(antiviral) Parkinsons and influenza A
39
Ribavirin treats what?
(antiviral) treats influenza A, RSV, and herpes virus infections
40
What drug is given for Hepatitis C?
protease inhibitors
41
Susceptible Patients for fungal infections
pts with AIDS and AIDS-related complex pts taking immunosuppressant drugs pts w/ transplants or cancer Tx members of elderly pop no longer protected from environmental fungi
42
Amphotericin B – Priority Assessments
ANTIFUNGAL assess for jaundice and monitor liver enzyme levels monitor urine output and BUN and creatinine levels assess for N/V assess skin integrity at the client's IV site
43
Vaginal fungal infection – medication – client teaching?
stay lying down for at least 15 min after insertion
44
Antimalarial medication - signs and symptoms to report immediately?
CNS effects
45
Quinine, cinchonism, findings?
quinine is a malarial drug cinchonism is a syndrome of quinine toxicity and has s/s including nausea, vomiting, tinnitis, and vertigo (neural, retinal, and auditory toxicity)
46
Trichomoniasis, sexual contact, client teaching?
it is an STD there are s/s only in women
47
Pinworms – what population most frequently effected, and what treatment?
children mebendazole (3-day treatment)
48
trichinosis
ingestion of roundworm larvae in undercooked pork
49
infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals by worm embryos
filariasis
50
infection with a blood fluke that is carried by a snail
schistosomiasis
51
Tapeworm, children, interventions?
antiparasitic drug and psychological support
52
Hookworms – impact on which labs?
cause anemia and protein deficiency
53
Locally acting antiviral – how does it work?
they act on viruses by interfering with normal viral replication and metabolic processes
54
Metronidazole – uses?
aka Flagyl C. Diff, trichomoniasis, skin and mouth infections
55
Ketoconazole -assess which labs?
hepatic function (AST/ALT)
56
Systemic antifungal drug – what do you assess for?
liver toxicity
57
Albendazole - assessment and interventions
antifungal monitor urine output, BUN, creatinine important to offer support and encouragement during treatment of tapeworms
58
Mebendazole - assessment and what is it used for?
watch for decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit pinworm infestation in children
59
Why do we do combination therapy for TB?
Using the drugs in combination helps to decrease the emergence of resistant strains and to affect the bacteria at various phases during their long and slow life cycle
60
DOT (Directly Observed Therapy) Therapy for TB
have to watch pt swallow every dose to ensure the med is taken correctly for the total amount of time, prevents TB from spreading to others, decreases chance of treatment failure and relapse
61
Isoniazid (INH) can affect which vitamin
Vitamin B6
62
Ethambutol adverse effects
antibiotic CNS effects, such as neuritis, dizziness, headache, malaise, drowsiness, and hallucinations also irritating to the GI tract, causing N/V, anorexia, upset stomach, and abdominal pain
63
Trichinosis vs. Trichomoniasis
a food-borne disease caused by a microscopic parasite called Trichinella a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite

Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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