Module 1 Exam Flashcards
When do you give prophylactic anti-infectives?
You give in advance to prevent infection
before dental procedures, abdominal procedures, etc.
How does Penicillin work?
it interferes with synthesis of the cell membrane
Why is it a bad idea to give antibiotics for a viral infection?
A virus isn’t the same thing as a bacterium, an antibiotic won’t work for a virus
What does Selectively Toxic mean?
Does not kill everything indiscriminately (targets specific cells)
After applying antifungal cream to a client with athlete’s foot, what would be your next action?
Put on clean/dry socks
What CNS effects can occur when taking antimalarial drug therapy?
hallucinations (see things that aren’t there)
When should you give Mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis?
Give one week before leaving country
What labs do you monitor for Albendazole?
urine output, BUN, and creatinine
Trichinosis invades which body tissues?
muscles
Client reports allergy to an antibiotic in the past, what do you do?
ask pt to describe the reaction
When do you get peaks?
30 min after done
When do you get troughs?
before you give the next dose
What do you do when your pt has a penicillin or cephalosporin allergy?
assume that they have cross sensitivity
if they are allergic to one they are probably allergic to the other
Precautions for Tetracycline
alternate form of BC, sunscreen, yellow teeth, sit up for 30 min after eating
Are viruses more difficult to treat?
Yes, because you have to kill the cell that the virus infects
Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) and children, dosage based on what?
weight
Amantadine precautions?
Antiviral
Side rails because of CNS effects
Hepatitis B – transmitted how?
Blood and needle sticks and bodily fluids
Antiretroviral medications can cause?
full body rashes
Bactericidal
kills the cell
Bacteriostatic
prevent the reproduction of the cell
Adverse Reactions to Antiinfective Therapy (5)
kidney damage
GI toxicity
Neurotoxicity
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Superinfections
(kill good flora, bad flora gets in)
Should you finish the antibiotic all the way through?
YES
What antibiotics can cause accidental pregnancy?
-cillins and -cyclines (doxycycline and tetracycline)
bc it makes oral contraceptives ineffective
Should you drink alcohol while taking an antibiotic? Why?
NO because it is hard on the liver
What antibiotics should you not eat food with? (MTF - move the food)
macrolides (azithromycin)
tetracycline and doxycycline
flouroquinolones (levofloxacin [Levaquin], ciprofloxacin [Cipro])
take on empty stomach with full glass of water
What antibiotics should you avoid the sun?
(avoid “Fun The Sun”) - FTS
flouroquinolones
tetracycline and doxycycline
sulfa drugs (think sunburns [photosensitivity])
avoid direct sun exposure, wear sunblock
What antibiotics are super toxic to the kidneys and ears?
-mycin/-micin
vancomycin
gentamicin
neomycin
S/S of ototoxicity
vertigo and tinnitis
S/S of nephrotoxicity
increasing BUN and creatinine
urine output <30 mL/ hour
are -mycins = to -thromycins
NO
What antibiotics are the most harmful?
-mycins
What antibiotics are aminoglycosides? What should you assess for, what should the pt report?
-mycins (SUPER TOXIC)
ototoxicity (tinnitis and vertigo) and nephrotoxicity (increasing BUN and creatinine)
What is red man syndrome? How is it caused? What do you do if your pt is experiencing it?
S/S: hypotension, pruritis and itching, red rash on face, neck, chest, and extremities
caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin
if hives, angioedema, wheezing - consider anaphylaxis - STOP, ASSESS, and EPI
What can fluoroquinolones cause?
achilles tendon rupture - have pt report new muscle pain
Macrolides - precautions
-thromycins
prolonged QT intervals -> cardiac arrest so monitor EKG
liver toxic - AST/ALT report increases
caution w/ tylenol
don’t stop bc of nausea and vomit and fever (common)
decreasing WBC (normal) don’t stop
What instructions should you give to a client receiving an ATB, no matter the class?
take at right time
take full prescription
drink glass of water with it
Amantadine treats what?
(antiviral) Parkinsons and influenza A
Ribavirin treats what?
(antiviral) treats influenza A, RSV, and herpes virus infections
What drug is given for Hepatitis C?
protease inhibitors
Susceptible Patients for fungal infections
pts with AIDS and AIDS-related complex
pts taking immunosuppressant drugs
pts w/ transplants or cancer Tx
members of elderly pop no longer protected from environmental fungi
Amphotericin B – Priority Assessments
ANTIFUNGAL
assess for jaundice and monitor liver enzyme levels
monitor urine output and BUN and creatinine levels
assess for N/V
assess skin integrity at the client’s IV site
Vaginal fungal infection – medication – client teaching?
stay lying down for at least 15 min after insertion
Antimalarial medication - signs and symptoms to report immediately?
CNS effects
Quinine, cinchonism, findings?
quinine is a malarial drug
cinchonism is a syndrome of quinine toxicity and has s/s including nausea, vomiting, tinnitis, and vertigo (neural, retinal, and auditory toxicity)
Trichomoniasis, sexual contact, client teaching?
it is an STD
there are s/s only in women
Pinworms – what population most frequently effected, and what treatment?
children
mebendazole (3-day treatment)
trichinosis
ingestion of roundworm larvae in undercooked pork
infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals by worm embryos
filariasis
infection with a blood fluke that is carried by a snail
schistosomiasis
Tapeworm, children, interventions?
antiparasitic drug and psychological support
Hookworms – impact on which labs?
cause anemia and protein deficiency
Locally acting antiviral – how does it work?
they act on viruses by interfering with normal viral replication and metabolic processes
Metronidazole – uses?
aka Flagyl
C. Diff, trichomoniasis, skin and mouth infections
Ketoconazole -assess which labs?
hepatic function (AST/ALT)
Systemic antifungal drug – what do you assess for?
liver toxicity
Albendazole - assessment and interventions
antifungal
monitor urine output, BUN, creatinine
important to offer support and encouragement during treatment of tapeworms
Mebendazole - assessment and what is it used for?
watch for decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
pinworm infestation in children
Why do we do combination therapy for TB?
Using the drugs in combination helps to decrease the emergence of resistant strains and to affect the bacteria at various phases during their long and slow life cycle
DOT (Directly Observed Therapy) Therapy for TB
have to watch pt swallow every dose
to ensure the med is taken correctly for the total amount of time, prevents TB from spreading to others, decreases chance of treatment failure and relapse
Isoniazid (INH) can affect which vitamin
Vitamin B6
Ethambutol adverse effects
antibiotic
CNS effects, such as neuritis, dizziness, headache, malaise, drowsiness, and hallucinations
also irritating to the GI tract, causing N/V, anorexia, upset stomach, and abdominal pain
Trichinosis vs. Trichomoniasis
a food-borne disease caused by a microscopic parasite called Trichinella
a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite
