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Pharmacology II > Module 2 Exam > Flashcards

Module 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Bone marrow suppression and chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, which can lead to leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and pancytopenia.

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2
Q

Nausea and chemotherapy- Interventions and Teaching

A

Chemotherapy will cause nausea. Nurses should give antiemetics and educate; also educate to eat small frequent meals; also, dietitian consult

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3
Q

When handling chemo, what should you do?

A

wear gloves (double) and PPE

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4
Q

Doxorubicin Drug Class

A

antineoplastic antibiotic

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5
Q

Doxorubicin administration

A

Given IV; known as the “red death” which is reddening, swelling, numbness on palms and hands and soles of feet

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6
Q

Alkylating agent drug class

A

antineoplastic agent (cancer drug)

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7
Q

Alkylating agent precautions

A

do not take if pregnant or lactating, bone marrow suppression (pancytopenia) and suppressed renal function

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8
Q

Alkylating agent nursing assessments

A

assess for allergies, orientation and reflexes for CNS effects, respiratory rate and adventitious sounds, GI effects, monitor lab results and CBC which will indicate bone marrow suppression

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9
Q

Alkylating agent pt teaching

A

follow regimen, cover head at extreme temperatures, avoid exposure to infection, consult HCP related to impaired fertility; use barrier contraceptives bc can cause birth defects

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10
Q

Considerations for opioid analgesics

A

opioids cause respiratory depression

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11
Q

PCA pumps and benefits

A

PCA pumps are when the pt can control the amount of pain med they want to take

Benefits for PCA pumps: pt can control amt of pain med, speeds up recovery, do not have to wait on med

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12
Q

Inflammatory response sequence

A

Red
Swollen
Heat
Pain

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13
Q

Interferons action

A

substance that helps the immune system fight infection or other diseases like cancer

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14
Q

Interferons Pt Teaching

A

Let them know that they will feel like they have the flu

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15
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Used to treat pain and fever and musculoskeletal pain associated with arthritis

Very hard on liver, caution when taking if drinking alcohol

Acts directly on thermoregulatory cells of hypothalamus, mechanism of action is unknown

Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine; absorbed in GI tract

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16
Q

NSAIDs

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; provide strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects (pain relieving)

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17
Q

If you have renal failure, what should you not take?

A

NSAIDs

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18
Q

If beta blockers are given with NSAIDs, what can occur?

A

a decreased antihypertensive effect, so monitor the pt closely and possibly adjust the dose to maintain the desired blood pressure

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19
Q

Gold Salts contraindications

A

Antimalarials, cytotoxic drugs, and penicillins, diabetes, CHF, renal or hepatic impairment, blood dyscrasias and lactation

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20
Q

Gold Salts are used to treat and example

A

arthritis; auranofin

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21
Q

Salicylates therapeutic effect

A

antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic

ASPIRIN

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22
Q

Salicylates adverse effects

A

ototoxicity (impaired hearing)
effects on stomach and clotting systems

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23
Q

NSAIDs and GI bleeding

A

Will cause GI bleeding if you take it on an empty stomach; high possibility of GI bleeding

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24
Q

COX-2 inhibitors drug class

A

antiinflammatory (NSAID)

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25
COX-2 inhibitors assessments
GI effects, urinary retention, and changes in bleeding time
26
NSAIDs and Diuretics
NSAIDs decrease the effectiveness of loop diuretics
27
Immune modulators action
selectively affect the function of the immune system to fight infection, cancer, etc
28
Immune modulators and females of childbearing age
use barrier contraceptives when taking because it can cause serious fetal harm
29
Colony Stimulating factors drug class
immune modulator
30
Colony stimulating factors pt teaching
adequate fluid intake sargramostim (example) avoid adverse effects (GI effects, headache) typically given IV or subQ
31
Interferons and cancer
Interferons are chemicals that are secreted by cells that have been invaded by viruses and possibly by other stimuli. The interferons prevent viral replication and also suppress malignant (cancer) cell replication and tumor growth.
32
Tonic-clonic seizures
involuntary muscle contractions followed by relaxation appearing as an aggressive spasm; loss of consciousness
33
Absence seizures
abrupt 3-5 seconds that does not involve muscle contractions
34
Myoclonic seizures
characterized by short, sporadic periods of muscle contractions that last for several minutes, rare
35
Status Epilepticus
state in which seizures rapidly recur; most severe form of generalized seizures; treated by benzodiazepine (antidote is flumazenil)
36
Phenytoin lab values, within range, high, low and nurse actions
Range: 10-20 mg/mL High: do not give med and contact HCP Low: give med, institute seizure precautions, contact HCP
37
IBS common medication
dicyclomine (anticholinergic)
38
Benzodiazepine drug class
antiepileptic agent
39
Benzodiazepine reversal agent
flumazenil
40
Opioid reversal agent
naloxone
41
Edrophonium diagnostic
used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
42
Anticholinergics contraindications
Myasthenia Gravis hyperthyroidism glaucoma enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy) hypertension urinary tract blockage increased heart rate (tachycardia)
43
Anticholinergics Pt Teaching
may have hypotension, risk for falls, blurred vision
44
Anticholinergics adverse effects
tachycardia slowed GI activity urinary retention pupil dilation cycloplegia (relaxation of accommodation) hot/dry dry mouth
45
Levodopa drug class
dopaminergic agent; used to treat parkinson's
46
Levodopa Pt Teaching
often combined with carbidopa common effects are fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness fainting, increased sweating, darkened urine, headaches, difficulty sleeping
47
Benztropine Drug Class
anticholinergic
48
Benztropine Uses
treatment of parkinson's
49
Benztropine Adverse Effects
confusion, fall risk, dry out body (CNS effects and peripheral anticholinergic effects) DO NOT GIVE IF PT HAS URINARY RETENTION
50
Cyclobenzaprine Drug Class
centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
51
Cyclobenzaprine Pt Teaching
do not drink alcohol while taking, do not take CNS depressants while taking, and do not operate heavy machinery
52
Donepezil Drug Class
cholinergic agonist
53
Donepezil Nurse Assessments
LOC every shift
54
Benefits of Triptans over Ergot meds
triptans are not associated with as many adverse systemic effects compared to ergot meds
55
Sympathomimetic Drugs - changes in VS
increase in VS, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea
56
Midodrine Drug Class
adrenergic agonist
57
Midodrine Nursing Assessments
LOC, affect, reflexes, and vision (CNS effects) bp, pulse, peripheral perfusion, ECG urine output, nausea, constipation, renal and liver function
58
OTC cold and allergy preparations - Pt Teaching for parents
many OTC cold and allergy preparations contain phenylephrine (alpha1 agonist/vasoconstrictor) do not give to pt's with hypertension
59
Alpha-specific adrenergic agonists - Pt Teaching and Examples
avoid driving and operating heavy machinery, CNS effects, vasoconstrictor clonidine, midodrine, phenylephrine
60
Adrenergic blocking agents - mechanism of action
sympatholytic; block effects of SNS
61
Adrenergic blocking agents - examples
-osin, -olol, yohimbine/antidepressants, labetalol
62
Adrenergic blocking agents - pt teaching
block the effects of SNS
63
Non-specific beta blockers and diabetics
blood sugar; masks the symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia
64
Tamsulosin - uses
alpha-1 antagonist; dilates and lowers BP
65
Labetalol drug class
non-selective beta blocker
66
Labetalol causes
bronchoconstriction; used to treat cardiac-related conditions (decrease BP, HR, renal perfusion)
67
Pyridostigmine drug class
cholinergic agonist
68
Pyridostigmine uses
control myasthenia gravis
69
Bethanechol drug class
cholinergic agonist
70
Bethanechol uses
treats urinary retention (post op and postpartum) and neurogenic bladder atony
71
Scopolamine drug class
anticholinergic
72
Scopolamine pt teaching
PNS blocked, pupils dilate, HR increases, GI activity and urinary bladder tone and function decrease
73
Too much acetylcholine causes
cholinergic crisis
74
Question admin of cogentin (benztropine) for what pts?
parkinson's (bc will make urinary retention worse) benign prostate hypertrophy ileus
75
Triptan uses
treats migraines
76
Phenytoin (Dilantin) can cause
(antiseizure agent) severe liver toxicity and bone marrow suppression and birth defects
77
Antiseizure meds Pt Teaching
birth defects barrier contraception bone marrow suppression compliance (can worsen condition)
78
ABCs of anticholinergic agents
Artane (trihexyphenidyl) Benadryl (diphanhydramine) Cogentin (benztropine)
79
Anticholinergic drugs do what
dry out body and slow things down S/S confusion, fall risk
80
Carbidopa-levodopa
most commonly prescribed and most effective medicine for controlling symptoms of PD, particularly bradykinesia and rigidity
81
Anaphylaxis
severe allergic reaction (can't breathe)
82
Dantrolene drug class
direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant
83
Adrenal Medulla - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
release of epi no parasympathetic effect
84
Arteries - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
vasoconstriction (except coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscles which are dilated) most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
85
Heart - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
increase HR, AV conduction, and contractility decrease HR, AV conduction, and slightly decreases contractility
86
Intestines, GI motility, and secretions - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
DECREASES INCREASES
87
Postganglionic Neurotransmitter - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
norepinephrine released acetylcholine released
88
Pupil of Eye - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
dilation (mydriasis) constriction (miosis)
89
Respiratory Passages, lower - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
bronchodilation bronchoconstriction
90
Urinary Bladder - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
relaxation contraction
91
Urinary Sphincter - sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
contraction relaxation
92
Does sympathetic or parasympathetic last longer?
sympathetic bc it activates adrenal medulla
93
Alpha 1 agonist example
phenylephrine (triggers SNS - constricts)
94
Alpha-1 antagonist example
Tamsulosin, Doxasosin (dilate - stops SNS)
95
What is phenylephrine generally prescribed for?
nasal congestion and hypotension
96
Alpha-2 agonist example
Clonidine (BP med)
97
Alpha 1, beta 1 action
STIMULATE HR, BP increases; periphery bl vessels constrict
98
Alpha 2, beta 2 action
INHIBIT airways dilate, relax - allow more air
99
Catecholamines
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine
100
Noncatecholamines
phenylephrine, terbutaline, ephedrine, didodrine
101
Cholinergic effects
rest, digest, movement increased swelling loss of bladder control muscle weakness N/V/D or stomach cramps and pain SOB, tightness in chest, wheezing slow or irregular heartbeat unusual tiredness or weakness watering of mouth
102
Anticholinergic effects
increased heart rate - possibly tachycardia decrease GI activity - slows decrease in urinary bladder tone and function pupil dilation cycloplegia (relaxation of accommodation) relax smooth muscle in GI tract, bladder, and lung and can be used for GI, urological, or respiratory conditions associated with spasm and dysmotility
103
Myasthenia Gravis meds
neostigmine (Bioxiverz) pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
104
Alzheimer's Disease med
donepezil (Aricept)
105
Anticholinergic Agents examples
atropine, scopolamine
106
Anticholinergic effects
decrease secretions (dry) restore cardiac rate and blood pressure pylorospasm and hyperactive bowel relax uterine hypertonicity CNS: altered, agitated Pupils dilated
107
Sympathomimetic Effects
cocaine, meth wet skin, hyperactive bowels, no urinary retention CNS: altered, agitated Pupils: dilated
108
Cholinergic S/S (dumbbel)
diarrhea/drooling urinary output miosis - pupil constriction bronchoconstriction bradycardia emesis lacrimation - tearing
109
Are anticholinergics quick-relief meds?
no, but they're effective in controlling difficult asthma symptoms

Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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