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Pharmacology II > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Nausea and chemotherapy – important actions for you to take

A

Give antiemetics, educate to eat small frequent meals, dietitian consult

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2
Q

Doxorubicin – precautions

A

Antineoplastic antibiotic
Given IV; known as the “red death” which is reddening, swelling, numbness on palms of hands and soles of feet

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3
Q

Alkylating agents – pancytopenia

A

Antineoplastic agent (cancer drug)
Causes pancytopenia

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4
Q

PCA – functions and benefits

A

Pt can control amt of pain med, speeds up recovery, do not have to wait on med to be given by RN

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5
Q

Corticosteroids – immune suppression, infection, and organ transplants

A

Corticosteroids work to block the inflammatory and immune systems
This can cause immune suppression and an increased risk of infection
These can be used after organ transplantation to help prevent the organ being rejected

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6
Q

Tylenol – liver?

A

Tylenol is liver toxic, do not drink while taking

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7
Q

Ringing in the ears – salicylates?

A

Salicylates (Aspirin) are ototoxic

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8
Q

GI bleeds, PUD – type of pain relievers - I.e. NSAIDs

A

Do not take NSAIDs if you have GI bleed and PUD

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9
Q

COX-2 inhibitors – nurse assessments

A

GI effects, urinary retention, changes in bleeding time

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10
Q

NSAIDS and a loop diuretics, blood pressure

A

NSAIDs decreases the effectiveness of loop diuretics

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11
Q

Leukemia, immune modulators, females of childbearing age

A

Use barrier contraceptives

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12
Q

Absence seizures

A

Abrupt 3-5 seconds that does not involve muscle contractions

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13
Q

Phenobarbital Tx

A

Tx of tonic-clonic seizures

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14
Q

Tx for Status Epilepticus

A

Benzodiazepine
Reversal agent – flumazenil

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15
Q

Therapeutic phenytoin level – seizure precautions – when?

A

Range: 10-20 mg/mL
High: do not give med and contact HCP
Low: give med, institute seizure precautions, contact HCP

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16
Q

Dicyclomine

A

IBS medication
Anticholinergic

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17
Q

Flumazenil

A

Reversal agent of benzodiazepine

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18
Q

Edrophonium and cholinergic crisis

A

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist
Overdose can lead to cholinergic crisis

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19
Q

Anticholinergic drugs – contraindications

A

Myasthenia Gravis
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
BPH
Hypertension
Urinary tract blockage
Tachycardia

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20
Q

How to take carbidopa levodopa

A

Dopaminergic agent (levodopa)
Decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) [jnhibits side effects of levodopa]
Typically given as a fixed combination drug (Sinemet)
Treats Parkinson’s disease

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21
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholinergic
Treatment of parkinson’s
Confusion, fall risk, dry out body

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22
Q

Cyclobenzaprine – discharge teaching

A

Muscle relaxant
Do not drink alcohol, no CNS depressants, do not operate heavy machinery

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23
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Triptan
Given for migraines
Has less side effects than ergot meds

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24
Q

Sympathomimetic drug administration – expected findings

A

Increase in VS, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea

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25
Q

OTC cold and allergy preparations contain phenylephrine, contraindications

A

Not for pts with hypertension, will make BP worse

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26
Q

Alpha-specific adrenergic agonist – priority assessment

A

CNS effects, vasoconstriction
Ex: clonidine, midodrine, phenylephrine

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27
Q

Sympathomimetic drug – stimulates which receptors?

A

Stimulates adrenergic receptor sites
Mimics the effects of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

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28
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha 1 antagonist
Dilates and lowers BP

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29
Q

Labetalol – selective, or no? Safe with asthma?

A

Nonselective beta blocker
Not safe with asthma due to the bronchoconstriction effect

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30
Q

Beta blockers – hypo/hyperglycemia

A

Masks the symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia

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31
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Cholinergic agonist
Controls myasthenia gravis

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32
Q

Myasthenia gravis and edrophonium

A

Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

33
Q

Bethanechol

A

Cholinergic agonist
Treats urinary retention (post op and postpartum) and neurogenic bladder atony

34
Q

Elderly client, benztropine, side effects

A

Anticholinergic
Neurological (weakness), cardiac (tachycardia), and GI (constipation)
Dries you out

35
Q

Scopolamine transdermal patch – side effects

A

Anticholinergic
Treats motion sickness
PNS blocked, pupils dilate, HR increases, GI activity and urinary bladder tone and function decrease

36
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

A

Interferons are naturally produced by cells that have been invaded by viruses
Prevent viruses from replicating inside cells
Interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A)
Tx of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B

37
Q

Donepezil – assessment

A

Cholinergic agonist
Check LOC every hour

38
Q

Glucocorticoids – when to take, risks, contraindications

A

Short-term tx of inflammatory disorders, relieve discomfort give body chance to heal from effects of inflammation
Contraindications: acute infection, pregnancy/lactation, diabetes, acute peptic ulcers

39
Q

CCBs – Side effects

A

Dizziness, light-headedness, headache, fatigue, nausea, hepatotoxicity, hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral edema, skin flushing, rash

40
Q

Grapefruit juice

A

Blocks the effects of CCBs

41
Q

Digoxin (cardiac glycoside) toxicity

A

Extreme bradycardia, blurred vision, hypokalemia
Negative chronotrope (rate), positive inotrope (contraction, strength)

42
Q

Sublingual nitroglycerin

A

Take up to 3 tabs every 5 minutes to treat angina
Sip of water first
If after 3 tabs, pain is not relieved, call ambulance

43
Q

Cholesterol-lowering agents – goal

A

Cholestyramine, atorvastatin
Lower cholesterol in blood

44
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Low-molecular weight heparin

45
Q

Diabetic nephropathy – consequences

A

Anemia; decreased erythropoietin production in kidneys

46
Q

Ferrous gluconate (iron) - how to take?

A

Tx of iron deficiency anemia
Take with vitamin C (increases absorption)

47
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

Block chloride pump = lost Na

48
Q

CAUTIs

A

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections

49
Q

Finasteride precautions

A

Can cause abortions / use with caution (wear gloves)

50
Q

Urine culture and sensitivity

A

Tells us what drug needs to be given

51
Q

BPH – medications, contraindications

A

Finasteride, Alpha 1 adrenergic blockers (terazosin and doxazosin)

52
Q

UTI tx

A

Phenazopyridine (urinary tract analgesic)
Turns urine orange

53
Q

Persistent cough – advice?

A

If over two weeks, see HCP

54
Q

Children and OTC cold/allergy meds – teaching?

A

read the labels

55
Q

Nasal steroids – immediate or delayed action?

A

Delayed action (2 weeks)

56
Q

OTC cold/flu preparations and MAOIs

A

Can lead to hypertensive crisis
MAOI – phenelzine (Nardil)

57
Q

Theophylline – contraindications

A

Do not smoke while taking
COPD tx
Beta-2 agonist (bronchodilator)

58
Q

Epinephrine – actions

A

Relaxes lungs, vasoconstriction

59
Q

Surfactant administration

A

Given to neonates to keep alveoli open

60
Q

How to use an inhaler

A

MDI (shake), 1-2 min between puffs
DPI (don’t shake), rinse mouth out after

61
Q

Albuterol side effects

A

CNS stimulation, GI upset, cardiac arrythmias, hypertension, bronchospasm, sweating, pallor, flushing

62
Q

Untreated HTN consequences

A

MI
CVA
Angina
Kidney disease
Vision problems
PAD
High risk of hypertensive crisis
Stiff heart valves

63
Q

Losartan with a diuretic

A

ARB inhibitor
Taken with diuretic (combination therapy) for tx of HTN

64
Q

PPI’s

A

Proton pump inhibitors
Suppress secretion of HCl acid into stomach
Tx: GERD, ulcers

65
Q

Cytotec

A

Prostaglandin
Protect the stomach lining
Inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases bicarb and mucus production
Used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers

66
Q

How do anti-infectives work?

A

anti-infectives interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogen’s cell wall
Interfering with protein synthesis
Interfering with ability of pathogen to obtain needed nutrients

67
Q

Prophylactic anti-infectives

A

Given in advance to prevent infection (dental procedures, abdominal procedures, etc.)

68
Q

Penicillin – mechanism of action

A

Interferes with synthesis of the cell membrane

69
Q

Tetracycline precautions

A

BC, sunscreen, yellow teeth, sit up for 30 minutes after

70
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse effects

A

-Mycins
Severely toxic – oto/nephrotoxicity

71
Q

Selectively toxic anti-infective

A

Does not kill everything indiscriminately (targets specific cells)

72
Q

Gentamicin – adverse effects

A

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic

73
Q

Antiviral drugs – side effects, teaching

A

Cough, dry mouth, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, joint/muscle pain
Side rails bc CNS effects
Take all of the med

74
Q

Systemic antifungals – priority assessments

A

Toxicity – liver

75
Q

AIDs, NRTIs, and GI effects

A

Leaky gut, malabsorption

76
Q

Rifampin – teaching

A

Antituberculosis drug
Used in combination with 2 or more agents
Tx must continue 6 months to 2 years

77
Q

TB drugs know three main ones

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide

78
Q

Hypothyroid medication – administration and patient understanding

A

Thyroid replacement hormone
Ex: levothyroxine
Admin: PO or IV (in extreme situations)
Life-long medication, take in morning 30-60 min before breakfast

Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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