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Pharmacology II > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Nausea and chemotherapy – important actions for you to take

A

Give antiemetics, educate to eat small frequent meals, dietitian consult

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2
Q

Doxorubicin – precautions

A

Antineoplastic antibiotic
Given IV; known as the “red death” which is reddening, swelling, numbness on palms of hands and soles of feet

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3
Q

Alkylating agents – pancytopenia

A

Antineoplastic agent (cancer drug)
Causes pancytopenia

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4
Q

PCA – functions and benefits

A

Pt can control amt of pain med, speeds up recovery, do not have to wait on med to be given by RN

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5
Q

Corticosteroids – immune suppression, infection, and organ transplants

A

Corticosteroids work to block the inflammatory and immune systems
This can cause immune suppression and an increased risk of infection
These can be used after organ transplantation to help prevent the organ being rejected

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6
Q

Tylenol – liver?

A

Tylenol is liver toxic, do not drink while taking

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7
Q

Ringing in the ears – salicylates?

A

Salicylates (Aspirin) are ototoxic

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8
Q

GI bleeds, PUD – type of pain relievers - I.e. NSAIDs

A

Do not take NSAIDs if you have GI bleed and PUD

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9
Q

COX-2 inhibitors – nurse assessments

A

GI effects, urinary retention, changes in bleeding time

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10
Q

NSAIDS and a loop diuretics, blood pressure

A

NSAIDs decreases the effectiveness of loop diuretics

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11
Q

Leukemia, immune modulators, females of childbearing age

A

Use barrier contraceptives

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12
Q

Absence seizures

A

Abrupt 3-5 seconds that does not involve muscle contractions

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13
Q

Phenobarbital Tx

A

Tx of tonic-clonic seizures

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14
Q

Tx for Status Epilepticus

A

Benzodiazepine
Reversal agent – flumazenil

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15
Q

Therapeutic phenytoin level – seizure precautions – when?

A

Range: 10-20 mg/mL
High: do not give med and contact HCP
Low: give med, institute seizure precautions, contact HCP

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16
Q

Dicyclomine

A

IBS medication
Anticholinergic

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17
Q

Flumazenil

A

Reversal agent of benzodiazepine

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18
Q

Edrophonium and cholinergic crisis

A

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist
Overdose can lead to cholinergic crisis

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19
Q

Anticholinergic drugs – contraindications

A

Myasthenia Gravis
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
BPH
Hypertension
Urinary tract blockage
Tachycardia

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20
Q

How to take carbidopa levodopa

A

Dopaminergic agent (levodopa)
Decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) [jnhibits side effects of levodopa]
Typically given as a fixed combination drug (Sinemet)
Treats Parkinson’s disease

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21
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholinergic
Treatment of parkinson’s
Confusion, fall risk, dry out body

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22
Q

Cyclobenzaprine – discharge teaching

A

Muscle relaxant
Do not drink alcohol, no CNS depressants, do not operate heavy machinery

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23
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Triptan
Given for migraines
Has less side effects than ergot meds

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24
Q

Sympathomimetic drug administration – expected findings

A

Increase in VS, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea

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25
OTC cold and allergy preparations contain phenylephrine, contraindications
Not for pts with hypertension, will make BP worse
26
Alpha-specific adrenergic agonist – priority assessment
CNS effects, vasoconstriction Ex: clonidine, midodrine, phenylephrine
27
Sympathomimetic drug – stimulates which receptors?
Stimulates adrenergic receptor sites Mimics the effects of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
28
Tamsulosin
Alpha 1 antagonist Dilates and lowers BP
29
Labetalol – selective, or no? Safe with asthma?
Nonselective beta blocker Not safe with asthma due to the bronchoconstriction effect
30
Beta blockers – hypo/hyperglycemia
Masks the symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia
31
Pyridostigmine
Cholinergic agonist Controls myasthenia gravis
32
Myasthenia gravis and edrophonium
Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
33
Bethanechol
Cholinergic agonist Treats urinary retention (post op and postpartum) and neurogenic bladder atony
34
Elderly client, benztropine, side effects
Anticholinergic Neurological (weakness), cardiac (tachycardia), and GI (constipation) Dries you out
35
Scopolamine transdermal patch – side effects
Anticholinergic Treats motion sickness PNS blocked, pupils dilate, HR increases, GI activity and urinary bladder tone and function decrease
36
Interferon alfa-2b
Interferons are naturally produced by cells that have been invaded by viruses Prevent viruses from replicating inside cells Interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) Tx of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B
37
Donepezil – assessment
Cholinergic agonist Check LOC every hour
38
Glucocorticoids – when to take, risks, contraindications
Short-term tx of inflammatory disorders, relieve discomfort give body chance to heal from effects of inflammation Contraindications: acute infection, pregnancy/lactation, diabetes, acute peptic ulcers
39
CCBs – Side effects
Dizziness, light-headedness, headache, fatigue, nausea, hepatotoxicity, hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral edema, skin flushing, rash
40
Grapefruit juice
Blocks the effects of CCBs
41
Digoxin (cardiac glycoside) toxicity
Extreme bradycardia, blurred vision, hypokalemia Negative chronotrope (rate), positive inotrope (contraction, strength)
42
Sublingual nitroglycerin
Take up to 3 tabs every 5 minutes to treat angina Sip of water first If after 3 tabs, pain is not relieved, call ambulance
43
Cholesterol-lowering agents – goal
Cholestyramine, atorvastatin Lower cholesterol in blood
44
Enoxaparin
Low-molecular weight heparin
45
Diabetic nephropathy – consequences
Anemia; decreased erythropoietin production in kidneys
46
Ferrous gluconate (iron) - how to take?
Tx of iron deficiency anemia Take with vitamin C (increases absorption)
47
Thiazide diuretics
Block chloride pump = lost Na
48
CAUTIs
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
49
Finasteride precautions
Can cause abortions / use with caution (wear gloves)
50
Urine culture and sensitivity
Tells us what drug needs to be given
51
BPH – medications, contraindications
Finasteride, Alpha 1 adrenergic blockers (terazosin and doxazosin)
52
UTI tx
Phenazopyridine (urinary tract analgesic) Turns urine orange
53
Persistent cough – advice?
If over two weeks, see HCP
54
Children and OTC cold/allergy meds – teaching?
read the labels
55
Nasal steroids – immediate or delayed action?
Delayed action (2 weeks)
56
OTC cold/flu preparations and MAOIs
Can lead to hypertensive crisis MAOI – phenelzine (Nardil)
57
Theophylline – contraindications
Do not smoke while taking COPD tx Beta-2 agonist (bronchodilator)
58
Epinephrine – actions
Relaxes lungs, vasoconstriction
59
Surfactant administration
Given to neonates to keep alveoli open
60
How to use an inhaler
MDI (shake), 1-2 min between puffs DPI (don’t shake), rinse mouth out after
61
Albuterol side effects
CNS stimulation, GI upset, cardiac arrythmias, hypertension, bronchospasm, sweating, pallor, flushing
62
Untreated HTN consequences
MI CVA Angina Kidney disease Vision problems PAD High risk of hypertensive crisis Stiff heart valves
63
Losartan with a diuretic
ARB inhibitor Taken with diuretic (combination therapy) for tx of HTN
64
PPI’s
Proton pump inhibitors Suppress secretion of HCl acid into stomach Tx: GERD, ulcers
65
Cytotec
Prostaglandin Protect the stomach lining Inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases bicarb and mucus production Used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
66
How do anti-infectives work?
anti-infectives interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogen’s cell wall Interfering with protein synthesis Interfering with ability of pathogen to obtain needed nutrients
67
Prophylactic anti-infectives
Given in advance to prevent infection (dental procedures, abdominal procedures, etc.)
68
Penicillin – mechanism of action
Interferes with synthesis of the cell membrane
69
Tetracycline precautions
BC, sunscreen, yellow teeth, sit up for 30 minutes after
70
Aminoglycosides adverse effects
-Mycins Severely toxic – oto/nephrotoxicity
71
Selectively toxic anti-infective
Does not kill everything indiscriminately (targets specific cells)
72
Gentamicin – adverse effects
Ototoxic and nephrotoxic
73
Antiviral drugs – side effects, teaching
Cough, dry mouth, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, joint/muscle pain Side rails bc CNS effects Take all of the med
74
Systemic antifungals – priority assessments
Toxicity – liver
75
AIDs, NRTIs, and GI effects
Leaky gut, malabsorption
76
Rifampin – teaching
Antituberculosis drug Used in combination with 2 or more agents Tx must continue 6 months to 2 years
77
TB drugs know three main ones
Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide
78
Hypothyroid medication – administration and patient understanding
Thyroid replacement hormone Ex: levothyroxine Admin: PO or IV (in extreme situations) Life-long medication, take in morning 30-60 min before breakfast

Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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