Module 4: Core Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is the first rule for naming branched alkanes?
Find the longest continuous carbon chain and name it- this is the STEM (methane, ethane, propane etc)
What is the second rule for naming branched alkanes?
Name the chain coming off (Alkyl group- methyl, ethyl, propyl etc)
What is the formula for alkyl groups?
C n H 2n+1
What is the third rule for naming branched alkanes?
Count which carbon the alkyl group is on- this is the PREFIX
What is the fourth rule for naming branched alkanes?
If the same alkyl group appears more than once add di, tri, tetra etc… (whichever is relevant)
What is the fifth rule for naming branched alkanes?
The chains are named alphabetically regardless of the number
What is the sixth rule for naming branched alkanes?
Any functional groups go at the end- this is called the SUFFIX (if the SUFFIX begins with a vowel remove the ‘E’ from the end of the STEM)
What is a homologous series?
A homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties with each successive member differing by CH2
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C n H 2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
C n H 2n
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
C n H 2n
What are the two types of structural formulas?
Displayed and skeletal
What is a hydrocarbon with one carbon stem?
Meth
What is a hydrocarbon with two carbons stem?
Eth
What is a hydrocarbon with three carbons stem?
Prop
What is a hydrocarbon with four carbons stem?
But
What is a hydrocarbon with five carbons stem?
Pent
What is a hydrocarbon with six carbons stem?
Hex
What is a hydrocarbon with seven carbons stem?
Hept
What is a hydrocarbon with eight carbons stem?
Oct
What is a hydrocarbon with nine carbons stem?
Non
What is a hydrocarbon with ten carbons stem?
Dec
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
What is chain isomerism?
When the chain of carbons is arranged differently