Module 2: Foundations Flashcards
Define relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Define relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Define an ion
An electrically charged particle formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons from an atom or group of atoms
What is the formula to find the relative atomic mass?
sum of isotopic mass / sum of abundances (%)
Define an isotope
An isotope is an element that has the same number of protons but a different number neutrons, therefore a different mass
How many particles are in one mole?
6.02 x 10^23
What is Avogadro’s Constant to find moles?
Number of particles / particles in a mole
Define empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Define molecular formula
The actual number and type of atoms of each element in a compound
Define anhydrous
Dry, no water present
Define hydrated
A molecule that contains water
Define water of crystallisation
Water molecules forming an essential part of the crystal structure in a compound
Define stiochiometry
Relationship between the amount of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
What is the moles equation in relation to mass?
n = m/Mr
What is the moles equation for solutions?
n = c x v
How do you convert from cm3 to dm3?
Divide by 1000
What is a standard solution?
A solution with a known concentration
What is RTP?
Regular temperature and pressure, which is 20 oC and 101 kPa
What is the equation for moles at RTP?
n = V/24
What is the ideal gas equation?
pV = nRT
In the ideal gas equation, what is ‘R’?
Ideal gas constant, which is 8.314 Jmol -1 K -1
For the ideal gas equation, what units do the components need to be in?
P = pressure, Pascals V = volume, m3 n = moles, mol R = ideal gas constant, Jmol -1 K -1 T = temperature, K (Kelvin)
How do you convert cm3 into m3?
Multiply by 10^-6
How do you convert dm3 into m3?
Multiply by 10^-3
How do you convert from celcius to Kelvin?
+273
How do you convert from kPa to Pa?
Multiply by 10^3
What is the equation for percentage yield?
Percentage yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100
What is a limiting reagent?
A reactant that prevents the reaction from going on
What is the equation for atom economy?
Atom economy = sum of desired products/sum of all products x 100
How could you increase atom economy to improve sustainability?
Use other products for different purposes, find another reaction for desired product that is more sustainable
Are common salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium soluble?
Yes
Are nitrates soluble?
Yes
Are common chlorides soluble?
Yes, except silver and lead
Are common sulfates soluble?
Yes, except lead, barium and calcium
Are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble?
No, except sodium, potassium and ammonium
