Module 4 Flashcards
Who offered a system for categorising retardation that included labels like ‘moron’, ‘imbecile’ and ‘idiot’
Jean Esquirol
Who emphasised sensory discrimination, motor control and nonverbal thinking in his measurement of intelligence, as opposed to language ability?
Edward Seguin
Who started the first school for the ‘feebleminded’
Edward Seguin
Who developed the first ‘real’ intelligence test?
Alfred Binet, 1905
Which multiple-choice group administered test became the ‘Army Alpha’?
Standford-Binet
What is the purpose of an assessment?
To gather information in order to provide advice or recommendations about educational or psychosocial functioning.
What does a large confidence interval indicate about a test?
The test is not sufficiently reliable.
Why should re-using a psychological test in children be avoided?
The novelty of the assessment is gone.
How is intelligence perceived differently across Eastern and Western cultures?
Western cultures tend to view intelligence as a means of individuals to engage in rational debate, while Eastern cultures see it as a way for members of community to play their social roles successfully.
What are the four broad concepts of intelligence among the Luo people of Kenya?
Rieko - academic intelligence
Luoro - social qualities such as respect, responsibility, consideration
Paro - practical thinking
Winjo - comprehension
Sternberg and colleagues found that Kenyan children who score high in practical intelligence score low in what other type of intelligence?
Academic
What version of the Wechsler is appropriate for assessing children aged 2 to 7?
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
What are the four index scores that comprise the WAIS-IV
- Verbal comprehension index
- Perceptual reasoning index
- Working memory index
- Processing speed index
What are three alternatives to the Wechsler tests?
- Stanford-Binet
- Woodcock-Johnson
- Kaufman Assessment Battery
What is the ‘Flynn Effect’?
The substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallised intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century
What ages can be tested using the WAIS-IV?
16 to 90 years
What does Australian law stipulate about assessment of cognitive abilities?
They can only be performed by registered psychologists
What is the definition of the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with his/her environment?
Intelligence
What is Spearman’s g?
General intelligence
What is positive manifold?
Performance on any two reliably-measured tasks is positively correlated
What is the difference between crystallised and fluid intelligence?
Crystallised intelligence refers to the capacity to use skills, knowledge and experience, whilst fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve problems.
What is Louis Leon Thurstone most well known for?
Introducing standardised mean and standard deviation to intelligence tests, so people could be compared against one another
What is the name for the term relating to high-level skills such as planning, organising, problem solving and cognitive flexibility?
Executive functioning
Cognitive assessment enables psychologists to determine the ___ of cognitive processes and the use of other testing facilitates the understanding of ___.
What, why
According to Professor James Flynn, how much have IQ scores risen per decade?
Three points
According to Professor James Flynn, what five factors underpin wisdom?
- Empathy
- Prudence
- Philosophical wisdom
- Understanding
- Healthy moral appetite
What does Dr Kearins observe about Indigenous children?
They use their visual spatial memories more than Caucasian children.
What are the three types of cultural bias according to Van de Vijver and Tanzer (2004)
Construct bias - test measures different constructs across difference groups
Method bias - bias pertains to the sample, instrument or administration
Item bias - due to poor translation
A culture-fair test is said to be sensitive to…..
Individual differences
What is considered to be the least culture-bound measure of intelligence?
Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices
What are five types of interventions of CBT?
- Self-monitoring
- Activity scheduling
- Arousal reduction
- Graded and imaginal exposure
- Interpersonal skills training
Who pioneered factor analysis?
Charles Spearman
What are the seven primary abilities identified by Louis Leon Thurstone?
- Word fluency
- Vernal comprehension
- Spatial visualisation
- Number facility
- Associative memory
- Reasoning
- Perceptual Speed
The WAIS is based on ____ ____ standardised norms where as the Woodcock-Johnson is based on _____ norms
North-American, Australia
Which section of the APS Code of Ethics applies to cognitive assessment tools?
Section A.1 ‘psychologists must ensure that assessment procedures are chosen, administered and interpreted appropriately and accurately’
Psychologists should consider what factors when interpreting test performance?
- Validity and reliability of tests
- Individual test influences (e.g. sleep, medication, anxiety)
- Test performance
