Module 4 Flashcards
Who offered a system for categorising retardation that included labels like ‘moron’, ‘imbecile’ and ‘idiot’
Jean Esquirol
Who emphasised sensory discrimination, motor control and nonverbal thinking in his measurement of intelligence, as opposed to language ability?
Edward Seguin
Who started the first school for the ‘feebleminded’
Edward Seguin
Who developed the first ‘real’ intelligence test?
Alfred Binet, 1905
Which multiple-choice group administered test became the ‘Army Alpha’?
Standford-Binet
What is the purpose of an assessment?
To gather information in order to provide advice or recommendations about educational or psychosocial functioning.
What does a large confidence interval indicate about a test?
The test is not sufficiently reliable.
Why should re-using a psychological test in children be avoided?
The novelty of the assessment is gone.
How is intelligence perceived differently across Eastern and Western cultures?
Western cultures tend to view intelligence as a means of individuals to engage in rational debate, while Eastern cultures see it as a way for members of community to play their social roles successfully.
What are the four broad concepts of intelligence among the Luo people of Kenya?
Rieko - academic intelligence
Luoro - social qualities such as respect, responsibility, consideration
Paro - practical thinking
Winjo - comprehension
Sternberg and colleagues found that Kenyan children who score high in practical intelligence score low in what other type of intelligence?
Academic
What version of the Wechsler is appropriate for assessing children aged 2 to 7?
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
What are the four index scores that comprise the WAIS-IV
- Verbal comprehension index
- Perceptual reasoning index
- Working memory index
- Processing speed index
What are three alternatives to the Wechsler tests?
- Stanford-Binet
- Woodcock-Johnson
- Kaufman Assessment Battery
What is the ‘Flynn Effect’?
The substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallised intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century
What ages can be tested using the WAIS-IV?
16 to 90 years
What does Australian law stipulate about assessment of cognitive abilities?
They can only be performed by registered psychologists
What is the definition of the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with his/her environment?
Intelligence
What is Spearman’s g?
General intelligence
What is positive manifold?
Performance on any two reliably-measured tasks is positively correlated
What is the difference between crystallised and fluid intelligence?
Crystallised intelligence refers to the capacity to use skills, knowledge and experience, whilst fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve problems.
What is Louis Leon Thurstone most well known for?
Introducing standardised mean and standard deviation to intelligence tests, so people could be compared against one another
What is the name for the term relating to high-level skills such as planning, organising, problem solving and cognitive flexibility?
Executive functioning
Cognitive assessment enables psychologists to determine the ___ of cognitive processes and the use of other testing facilitates the understanding of ___.
What, why
