Module 4

Question 1

Who offered a system for categorising retardation that included labels like ‘moron’, ‘imbecile’ and ‘idiot’

Answer 1

Jean Esquirol

Question 2

Who emphasised sensory discrimination, motor control and nonverbal thinking in his measurement of intelligence, as opposed to language ability?

Answer 2

Edward Seguin

Question 3

Who started the first school for the ‘feebleminded’

Answer 3

Edward Seguin

Question 4

Who developed the first ‘real’ intelligence test?

Answer 4

Alfred Binet, 1905

Question 5

Which multiple-choice group administered test became the ‘Army Alpha’?

Answer 5

Standford-Binet

Question 6

What is the purpose of an assessment?

Answer 6

To gather information in order to provide advice or recommendations about educational or psychosocial functioning.

Question 7

What does a large confidence interval indicate about a test?

Answer 7

The test is not sufficiently reliable.

Question 8

Why should re-using a psychological test in children be avoided?

Answer 8

The novelty of the assessment is gone.

Question 9

How is intelligence perceived differently across Eastern and Western cultures?

Answer 9

Western cultures tend to view intelligence as a means of individuals to engage in rational debate, while Eastern cultures see it as a way for members of community to play their social roles successfully.

Question 10

What are the four broad concepts of intelligence among the Luo people of Kenya?

Answer 10

Rieko - academic intelligence
Luoro - social qualities such as respect, responsibility, consideration
Paro - practical thinking
Winjo - comprehension

Question 11

Sternberg and colleagues found that Kenyan children who score high in practical intelligence score low in what other type of intelligence?

Answer 11

Academic

Question 12

What version of the Wechsler is appropriate for assessing children aged 2 to 7?

Answer 12

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

Question 13

What are the four index scores that comprise the WAIS-IV

Answer 13

• Verbal comprehension index
• Perceptual reasoning index
• Working memory index
• Processing speed index

Question 14

What are three alternatives to the Wechsler tests?

Answer 14

• Stanford-Binet
• Woodcock-Johnson
• Kaufman Assessment Battery

Question 15

What is the ‘Flynn Effect’?

Answer 15

The substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallised intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century

Question 16

What ages can be tested using the WAIS-IV?

Answer 16

16 to 90 years

Question 17

What does Australian law stipulate about assessment of cognitive abilities?

Answer 17

They can only be performed by registered psychologists

Question 18

What is the definition of the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with his/her environment?

Answer 18

Intelligence

Question 19

What is Spearman’s g?

Answer 19

General intelligence

Question 20

What is positive manifold?

Answer 20

Performance on any two reliably-measured tasks is positively correlated

Question 21

What is the difference between crystallised and fluid intelligence?

Answer 21

Crystallised intelligence refers to the capacity to use skills, knowledge and experience, whilst fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve problems.

Question 22

What is Louis Leon Thurstone most well known for?

Answer 22

Introducing standardised mean and standard deviation to intelligence tests, so people could be compared against one another

Question 23

What is the name for the term relating to high-level skills such as planning, organising, problem solving and cognitive flexibility?

Answer 23

Executive functioning

Question 24

Cognitive assessment enables psychologists to determine the ___ of cognitive processes and the use of other testing facilitates the understanding of ___.

Answer 24

What, why

Question 25

According to Professor James Flynn, how much have IQ scores risen per decade?

Answer 25

Three points

Question 26

According to Professor James Flynn, what five factors underpin wisdom?

Answer 26

• Empathy
• Prudence
• Philosophical wisdom
• Understanding
• Healthy moral appetite

Question 27

What does Dr Kearins observe about Indigenous children?

Answer 27

They use their visual spatial memories more than Caucasian children.

Question 28

What are the three types of cultural bias according to Van de Vijver and Tanzer (2004)

Answer 28

Construct bias - test measures different constructs across difference groups
Method bias - bias pertains to the sample, instrument or administration
Item bias - due to poor translation

Question 29

A culture-fair test is said to be sensitive to…..

Answer 29

Individual differences

Question 30

What is considered to be the least culture-bound measure of intelligence?

Answer 30

Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices

Question 31

What are five types of interventions of CBT?

Answer 31

• Self-monitoring
• Activity scheduling
• Arousal reduction
• Graded and imaginal exposure
• Interpersonal skills training

Question 32

Who pioneered factor analysis?

Answer 32

Charles Spearman

Question 33

What are the seven primary abilities identified by Louis Leon Thurstone?

Answer 33

• Word fluency
• Vernal comprehension
• Spatial visualisation
• Number facility
• Associative memory
• Reasoning
• Perceptual Speed

Question 34

The WAIS is based on ____ ____ standardised norms where as the Woodcock-Johnson is based on _____ norms

Answer 34

North-American, Australia

Question 35

Which section of the APS Code of Ethics applies to cognitive assessment tools?

Answer 35

Section A.1 ‘psychologists must ensure that assessment procedures are chosen, administered and interpreted appropriately and accurately’

Question 36

Psychologists should consider what factors when interpreting test performance?

Answer 36

• Validity and reliability of tests
• Individual test influences (e.g. sleep, medication, anxiety)
• Test performance