Module 1 Flashcards
What is the role of psychological assessment?
To help psychologists understand their clients so their can hypothesise about their behaviour, personality and capabilities.
Why do psychologists conduct assessments?
To answer a specific question, solve a problem, integrate findings and/or make decisions about appropriate treatment
What is Lightner Witmer’s credited with?
Establishing the first psychology clinic and intoducing the term ‘clinical psychology’
Who introduced the scientist-practitioner model?
David Shakow.
What is the name for a type of psychological assessment that involves the examination of antecedents and consequences of behaviour?
Behavioural assessment.
What type of reinforcement involves a consequence delivered immediately following a behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour?
Positive reinforcement
What type of reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimuli to increase the likelihood of a behaviour recurring in the future?
Negative reinforcement
What is the first step of behavioural assessment?
Selecting and defining target behaviours
Before reducing or removing a behaviour, you must first consider what?
Whether the individual will need alternatives to that behaviour, e.g. in the case of self-harm
Name methods of behavioural assessment.
Behavioural interview, behavioural observation, behavioural questionnaires and inventories, psychophysiological assessment.
What six factors need to be considered when conducting a behavioural assessment?
- Topography
- Amount (frequency, duration)
- Intensity
- Stimulus control
- Latency
- Quality
Behavioural interventions are based on the theory that behaviour is learned and can therefore be _______
changed.
What is the term for empirically based techniques used to increase or decrease a particular behaviour or reaction?
Behaviour modification.
What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternate (DRA) behaviour and differential reinforcement of incompatible (DRI) behaviour?
DRA involves reinforcing an alternative to the problem behaviour, whereas DRI involves reinforcing a behaviour that is incompatible with the problem behaviour.
The idea that conscious thoughts, beliefs and assumptions are central to the development of disorders or the premise of which psychological intervention?
CBT
What is socratic questioning?
A principle of CBT that involves the clinician guiding the client with questions that encourage reflection.
Psychological assessment considers the interaction between _______ and _______.
individual characteristics, biopsychosocial context
Clinical practice is informed by
Empirical research
Which document authored by the APS provides a comprehensive overview of the efficacy of a broad range of psychological interventions for psychological disorders?
Evidence-based psychological interventions in the treatment of mental disorders: A literature review (4th edition)
What is the term for systematically developed statements that assist clinicians, consumers and policy makers to make appropriate health care decisions.
Clinical practice guidelines
What are the levels of the NMHRC quality of evidence pyramid?
I - Systematic review of relevant randomised trials
II - Evidence from atleast one randomised trial
III - Pseudo randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case controlled studies
IV - Case series
What is considered best practice for Australian psychological service delivery?
The delivery of evidence-based psychological interventions by appropriately trained medical professionals.
What is the name for an experimental study in which empirical and measurable data are gathered and analysed to answer a research question?
Randomised control-trial
Evidence-based psychology evolved from….
Evidence-based medicine
What is the biggest difference between EBT and EBP?
EBT’s focus on the treatment or intervention itself, and not on the expertise of the clinician delivering it.
Behavioural assessment involves the direct investigation of behaviour by examining the _______ and ______ of behaviour
Antecedents, consequences
What are the three basic techniques for recording behaviour during a specified period?
Continuous recording, interval recording, time sampling
The term for the recording of every instance of a behaviour within a time period?
Continuous recording
What is interval recording?
Recording a behaviour as either occurring or not occurring within a designated time period.
What is time-sample recording?
Recording a behaviour as either occurring or not occurring during brief observation periods that are separated by longer periods of time.
What are the three sources of error that might affect the accuracy of observations?
- Response definition might be vague
- Observational situation might make detecting behaviour difficult
- Observer might be poorly trained, biased or unmotivated.
Exposure, activity scheduling, relaxation, and behaviour modification are all examples of…
Techniques used for behavioural intervention.
