Module 3 Flashcards
What percentage of Australians ages 16 to 45 will experience a mental disorder at some point in their lives?
45%
20% of the Australian population has experienced a mental disorder in the previous ___ months
12
What are the three most prevalent mental disorders in Australia?
- Anxiety Disorders (14%)
- Affective Disorders (6%)
- Substance Use Disorders (5%)
What are the most common types of anxiety disorder?
PTSD (6%) and Social Phobia (5%)
According to Sharpley (2013) what is the ‘gold standard’ of assessment of depression?
Structured Clinical Interview
What remains the most commonly used clinical assessment?
Unstructured Clinical Interview
What is the ‘bereavement exclusion’ outlined in the DSM III and IV
Major depression should not be diagnosed within 2 months of bereavement.
Outline the elements of a risk assessment
- Current mental state
- Current circumstances
- Past evidence of suicidality
- Future
5 The client’s perspective
What is the name for an emotional and physiological response that occurs when we perceive threat?
Anxiety
When does anxiety become classified as a clinical anxiety disorder?
When the individual develops intense and enduring symptoms that interfere with everyday life and functioning
What is the difference between anxiety and fear?
Anxiety is future oriented, fear is an immediate alarm reaction to present danger.
What does Barlow (2002) outline as the triple vulnerability theory?
This theory suggests there are likely several factors that interact to result in a person developing an anxiety disorder - 1. general biological vulnerability 2. general psychological vulnerability 3. specific psychological vulnerability.
What percentage of patients with MDD have one or more anxiety disorders?
50%
What is the Tripartite Model (Clark & Wilson, 1991)?
This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal. These three sets of symptoms help explain common and distinct aspects of depression and anxiety.
What are culture-bound syndromes?
Idioms that cause distress and are considered mental illnesses only in some non-Western cultures
What occurs during the ‘problem list’ phase of case formulation?
The therapist creates a list of the client’s psychological, social, occupational and financial problems
What occurs during the ‘here and now’ phase of case formulation?
A functional analysis can be used to identify what maintains a behaviour by understanding the antecedents and consequences of behaviour.
What are the three levels of cognition?
- Core beliefs - generated in childhood and central to our sense of self.
- Intermediate beliefs - assumptions and rules often adopted from a client’s family of origin
- Automatic thoughts/images - the first words that go through a person’s mind in response to a situation
What factors need to be taken into account when assessing psychopathology?
- Assessment is an investigation of the individual, the environment/context and their interaction
- Before any assessment takes place, the psychologist must have a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course and diagnosis of the mental health condition.
- An understanding of biopsychosocial factors, including predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and/or protective factors
Sullivan (2000) estimated the heritability of depression is in the range of ___% to ___%
31 to 42
Which disorders are thought to have upwards of 80% rates of heritability?
Schizophrenia and bipolar depression.
It is thought that people with abnormal ___ functioning may have a worse type of depression
HPA
According to Brown and Harris (1989), approximately __% to __% of individuals who developed cases of depression experienced a prior severe life event
70 to 95
_____ and ______ are two examples of interpersonal styles that have been linked to depression
Dependency and reassurance seeking
What is the SCID-5?
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, a semi-structured interview.
What is the most commonly used clinical assessment tool?
The unstructured clinical interview.
What are some other types of unipolar depressive disorders/
- Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- Depressive Disorder
- Depressive Disorder due to another Medical Condition
- Other Specific Depressive Disorder
Name some reasons for low levels of help-seeking in people with anxiety?
- Embarrassment or fear of stigma
- Poor awareness of service availability
- Financial barriers
- Lack of prior treatment response
Of the 1.8 million people with one mental illness, those with an _____ disorder were more likely to access help than those with an ____ disorder
Affective, anxiety
