Module 3

Question 1

What percentage of Australians ages 16 to 45 will experience a mental disorder at some point in their lives?

Answer 1

45%

Question 2

20% of the Australian population has experienced a mental disorder in the previous ___ months

Answer 2

12

Question 3

What are the three most prevalent mental disorders in Australia?

Answer 3

• Anxiety Disorders (14%)
• Affective Disorders (6%)
• Substance Use Disorders (5%)

Question 4

What are the most common types of anxiety disorder?

Answer 4

PTSD (6%) and Social Phobia (5%)

Question 5

According to Sharpley (2013) what is the ‘gold standard’ of assessment of depression?

Answer 5

Structured Clinical Interview

Question 6

What remains the most commonly used clinical assessment?

Answer 6

Unstructured Clinical Interview

Question 7

What is the ‘bereavement exclusion’ outlined in the DSM III and IV

Answer 7

Major depression should not be diagnosed within 2 months of bereavement.

Question 8

Outline the elements of a risk assessment

Answer 8

1. Current mental state
2. Current circumstances
3. Past evidence of suicidality
4. Future
   5 The client’s perspective

Question 9

What is the name for an emotional and physiological response that occurs when we perceive threat?

Answer 9

Anxiety

Question 10

When does anxiety become classified as a clinical anxiety disorder?

Answer 10

When the individual develops intense and enduring symptoms that interfere with everyday life and functioning

Question 11

What is the difference between anxiety and fear?

Answer 11

Anxiety is future oriented, fear is an immediate alarm reaction to present danger.

Question 12

What does Barlow (2002) outline as the triple vulnerability theory?

Answer 12

This theory suggests there are likely several factors that interact to result in a person developing an anxiety disorder - 1. general biological vulnerability 2. general psychological vulnerability 3. specific psychological vulnerability.

Question 13

What percentage of patients with MDD have one or more anxiety disorders?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

What is the Tripartite Model (Clark & Wilson, 1991)?

Answer 14

This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal. These three sets of symptoms help explain common and distinct aspects of depression and anxiety.

Question 15

What are culture-bound syndromes?

Answer 15

Idioms that cause distress and are considered mental illnesses only in some non-Western cultures

Question 16

What occurs during the ‘problem list’ phase of case formulation?

Answer 16

The therapist creates a list of the client’s psychological, social, occupational and financial problems

Question 17

What occurs during the ‘here and now’ phase of case formulation?

Answer 17

A functional analysis can be used to identify what maintains a behaviour by understanding the antecedents and consequences of behaviour.

Question 18

What are the three levels of cognition?

Answer 18

1. Core beliefs - generated in childhood and central to our sense of self.
2. Intermediate beliefs - assumptions and rules often adopted from a client’s family of origin
3. Automatic thoughts/images - the first words that go through a person’s mind in response to a situation

Question 19

What factors need to be taken into account when assessing psychopathology?

Answer 19

1. Assessment is an investigation of the individual, the environment/context and their interaction
2. Before any assessment takes place, the psychologist must have a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course and diagnosis of the mental health condition.
3. An understanding of biopsychosocial factors, including predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and/or protective factors

Question 20

Sullivan (2000) estimated the heritability of depression is in the range of ___% to ___%

Answer 20

31 to 42

Question 21

Which disorders are thought to have upwards of 80% rates of heritability?

Answer 21

Schizophrenia and bipolar depression.

Question 22

It is thought that people with abnormal ___ functioning may have a worse type of depression

Answer 22

HPA

Question 23

According to Brown and Harris (1989), approximately __% to __% of individuals who developed cases of depression experienced a prior severe life event

Answer 23

70 to 95

Question 24

_____ and ______ are two examples of interpersonal styles that have been linked to depression

Answer 24

Dependency and reassurance seeking

Question 25

What is the SCID-5?

Answer 25

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, a semi-structured interview.

Question 26

What is the most commonly used clinical assessment tool?

Answer 26

The unstructured clinical interview.

Question 27

What are some other types of unipolar depressive disorders/

Answer 27

• Persistent Depressive Disorder
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• Depressive Disorder
• Depressive Disorder due to another Medical Condition
• Other Specific Depressive Disorder

Question 28

Name some reasons for low levels of help-seeking in people with anxiety?

Answer 28

• Embarrassment or fear of stigma
• Poor awareness of service availability
• Financial barriers
• Lack of prior treatment response

Question 29

Of the 1.8 million people with one mental illness, those with an _____ disorder were more likely to access help than those with an ____ disorder

Answer 29

Affective, anxiety