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Motor Learning Test 1 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Exteroception

A

Provides info to the processing system about the state of the environment in which one’s body exists

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2
Q

Exteroceptive

A

Info is provided from outside the body

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3
Q

Proprioception

A

Provides info about the state of the body itself

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4
Q

Proprioceptive

A

The info arises from within the body

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5
Q

Vestibular Apparatus

A

In the inner ear

Provides signals related to movements, one’s orientation, or both, in one’s environment

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6
Q

Joint Receptors

A

In the capsules surrounding each joint

Give info about extreme positions of the joints

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7
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

In muscles
Change lengths
Provide indirect info about joint position and other aspects of the movement

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8
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs

A

Very sensitive to the level of force in the various parts of the muscle to which they are attached

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9
Q

Cutaneous Receptors

A

Detectors of pressure, temp, touch, etc

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10
Q

Executive

A

Decision maker for errors

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11
Q

Effector

A

Carry out decisoins

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12
Q

Error Signal

A

Info acted on by the executive

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13
Q

Comparator

A

A reference of correctness against which the feedback is compared to find an error

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14
Q

Anticipated Sensory Feedback

A

Sensations should be generated

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15
Q

Feedforward

A

Represents anticipated sensory consequences

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16
Q

Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex

A

Connected by a single synapse (and short distances)

17
Q

Ventral Stream

A

Identification of an object is sent to the inferotemporal cortex
Conscious identification of objects that lie primarily in the center of the visual field
Central vision
Slow

18
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Info used specifically for the control of movement within the visual environment is sent to the posterior parietal cortex
Specialized for movement control
Entire visual field (central and peripheral)
Contributes to the fine control of movements without our awareness
Unconscious
Relatively fast

19
Q

Optical Array

A

Rays of light
Enter eyes at specific angles
Collectively

20
Q

Optical Flow

A

Change in info

Provides numerous important kinds of info about movement through the environment

21
Q

Augmented Feedback

A

Info about which the perform is not “normally” aware

Extra info provided by an external source

22
Q

What is the most prominent source for exteroception?

A

Vision

23
Q

What does vision provide?

A

A basis for anticipatory for upcoming events

Info about the movement of objects in the environment in relation to your own movements

24
Q

How does vision aide exteroception?

A

It helps detect your own movement within the stable environment

25
Q

What is the second most prominent source for exteroception?

A

Audition

26
Q

What does proprioception do?

A

Gives info about the state of the body parts in relation to each other and relative to the environment

27
Q

Closed-Loop Control System Process

A 
Input
Reaction Time 
(Executive)
(Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Movement Programming)
Effector (Desired state)
Output (Actual state)
Comparator (Of effector and output)
If error (not similar), it starts again
28
Q

When is CLC occurring?

A

Continuous tasks

29
Q

Why is it considered closed loop?

A

The loop from executive to the effector and back to executive is completely “closed” by the sensory info feedback

30
Q

What are the four parts of the CLS?

A

Executive
Effector
Comparator
Error Signal

31
Q

Who sends commands to an effector system?

A

The executive system

32
Q

Parts of effector system

A

Motor program

Anticipated sensory feedback

33
Q

What are some limitations of CLC?

A

Slow, especially when there is high demand for processing time/resources/etc
Less effective for guiding movement
The feedback based movement control fails to account for the movement production in rapid, discrete skills

34
Q

Time-To-Contact

A

Indicates the time remaining until the object reaches the plane of the eye

35
Q

Where are changes in optical flow picked up?

A

Dorsal system

Motor Learning Test 1 (4 decks)

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