Module 4 Flashcards
Exteroception
Provides info to the processing system about the state of the environment in which one’s body exists
Exteroceptive
Info is provided from outside the body
Proprioception
Provides info about the state of the body itself
Proprioceptive
The info arises from within the body
Vestibular Apparatus
In the inner ear
Provides signals related to movements, one’s orientation, or both, in one’s environment
Joint Receptors
In the capsules surrounding each joint
Give info about extreme positions of the joints
Muscle Spindles
In muscles
Change lengths
Provide indirect info about joint position and other aspects of the movement
Golgi Tendon Organs
Very sensitive to the level of force in the various parts of the muscle to which they are attached
Cutaneous Receptors
Detectors of pressure, temp, touch, etc
Executive
Decision maker for errors
Effector
Carry out decisoins
Error Signal
Info acted on by the executive
Comparator
A reference of correctness against which the feedback is compared to find an error
Anticipated Sensory Feedback
Sensations should be generated
Feedforward
Represents anticipated sensory consequences
Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex
Connected by a single synapse (and short distances)
Ventral Stream
Identification of an object is sent to the inferotemporal cortex
Conscious identification of objects that lie primarily in the center of the visual field
Central vision
Slow
Dorsal Stream
Info used specifically for the control of movement within the visual environment is sent to the posterior parietal cortex
Specialized for movement control
Entire visual field (central and peripheral)
Contributes to the fine control of movements without our awareness
Unconscious
Relatively fast
Optical Array
Rays of light
Enter eyes at specific angles
Collectively
Optical Flow
Change in info
Provides numerous important kinds of info about movement through the environment
Augmented Feedback
Info about which the perform is not “normally” aware
Extra info provided by an external source
What is the most prominent source for exteroception?
Vision
What does vision provide?
A basis for anticipatory for upcoming events
Info about the movement of objects in the environment in relation to your own movements
How does vision aide exteroception?
It helps detect your own movement within the stable environment
What is the second most prominent source for exteroception?
Audition
What does proprioception do?
Gives info about the state of the body parts in relation to each other and relative to the environment
Closed-Loop Control System Process
Input Reaction Time (Executive) (Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Movement Programming) Effector (Desired state) Output (Actual state) Comparator (Of effector and output) If error (not similar), it starts again
When is CLC occurring?
Continuous tasks
Why is it considered closed loop?
The loop from executive to the effector and back to executive is completely “closed” by the sensory info feedback
What are the four parts of the CLS?
Executive
Effector
Comparator
Error Signal
Who sends commands to an effector system?
The executive system
Parts of effector system
Motor program
Anticipated sensory feedback
What are some limitations of CLC?
Slow, especially when there is high demand for processing time/resources/etc
Less effective for guiding movement
The feedback based movement control fails to account for the movement production in rapid, discrete skills
Time-To-Contact
Indicates the time remaining until the object reaches the plane of the eye
Where are changes in optical flow picked up?
Dorsal system
