Module 4 Flashcards
What is health workforce
- all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health
What is healthcare division of labour?
- allocation of tasks between workforce groups on the basis of skill, education or job classification
What is professional dominance
- the ways a profession uses legal and clinical autonomy to gain power over other professional groups, the professions domain and financial arrangements
What is professionalization
- process by which work done by a group becomes organized, controlled, codified into regulatory and education systems
What is scopes of practise
- what members of a healthcare profession are legally able to do
What are models of care
The structure/organization that govern how health care professionals work together to deliver services
What are inter professional teams
teams with different healthcare disciplines working together towards common goals to meet the needs of a patient population
What are models of practise
a profession’s specific approach to delivering care
What is health workforce Canada
new arms length organization supported by the CIHI, funded by health canada
- identify needs
- provide guidance on policy….
-gather/share info
What is health workforce planning
who is going to do what, when, where, how and with what resources for what population groups or individuals
- continuous monitoring and evaluation
Approaches to workforce planning
- ratio based
- utilization based
- needs based
ratio based approaches
use ratios of health care professionals to population within specific geographic regions
pros cons of ratio based approaches
- early to calculate
- assumption about uniform need
- unprofessional models
- assume constant levels of provider activity
Utilization based approaches
apply past healthcare utilization rates to project future demand and adjust workforce accordingly
pros cons of utilization based approaches
-underestimate or overestimate need (utilization doesn’t mean need)
Needs based approaches
estimate workforce requirements using demographic and epidemiological profiles and established service levels
pros cons of needs based approach
- most align with objectives of system
- very resource intensive and often required data are absent
What is regulation
legal framework that defines, protects, enforces important distinguishing characteristics to classify given profession
What are protected titles
- only people who meet requirements can use that label
What are regulated health professions
- professions with legally defined scope of practise, specialized
unregulated health professions
professions that do not have a legally defined scope, may include professions not involved in direct patient care
What is self regulation
government delegates regulatory authority to the profession itself
What are regulatory colleges
- legal obligation to protect the public through the regulation of their registrants
- hear complaints
What is accreditation
- assures that educational institutions meet required standards
what is certification
attests that person has met educational/training standards
What is registration
publicly identifies who is qualified as part of the profession
What is licensing
grants ability to perform “restricted tasks”
Who organizes accreditation and certification
- pan Canadian level
Who organizes registration and lisencure
provincial level
Cayton report
- reported advised sweeping changes to health professions act
- reduce number of colleges and mandate single code of conduct
is social workers a regulatory college in health
no, social workers act
What is Doctors of BC
- represent physicians in BC
- trade union
- negotiate with province to determine wide range of issues
- who will represent physicians
what is supply
number of professionals providing health services
what is distribution
locations or deployment of healthcare professionals across geographic sectors
what is mix
relative number of professionals providing speciality services
what is support
- addressing mental health and change management needs of health workers
Issues in supply
shortage - not enough workers to meet demand/need
surplus - more workers than required = under employment
- consider activity and participation
issues in distribution
less about overall number and more about the ways professionals are spread across geographies and care settings, imbalance between provinces, urbanvsrural, care sectors
issues in mix
can be intra and inter professional - dr vs nurses…
- linked to scope of practise, skill mix, and ability to task shift within teams
issues with support
- workplace violence
- burnout and poor mental health
- all linked to intention to leave workforce as well as poor health outcomes for healthcare professionals
issues with gender
- division of labour highly gendered
- women underrepresented in leadership roles
- gender differences in hours of work….
Issues with indigenous status
- critical need to increase number of Indigenous health workers
- Indigenous status data not routinely collected
Issues with immigrant health workers
- lengthy and expensive certification processes for internationally trained health professionals
- ethical dilemmas around active international recruitment
Health workforce data issues
- critical health workforce data are inaccessible, fragmented, or not collected at all
what are the highest supply health professionals in BC
- supply differs a lot
- regulated nurses
-unpaid family caregivers not included
what is FTE
- full time or not for family physician
- average FTE 0.86
- activity rates, not work happening in between care
Ethics of international recruitment
- discourage active recruitment from countries that have pressing workforce needs
- building robust workforce planning and implementation Strats with goal of workforce satiability and self sufficiency
- international co-operation between source and destination countries
are Canada’s current policies in alignment
- some provinces continue to recruit from WHO safeguard list
- poor approaches to workforce planning…
Canadians studying medicine abroad
limited opportunities for residency training either in Canada or in their host country
